VAR
Simple vapour absorption system
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 2
6
Simple vapour absorption system
In this system an absorber, a pump, a generator and a pressure
reducing valve replace the compressor.
The low pressure ammonia vapour leaving the evaporator enters
the absorber where it is absorbed by the cold water in the absorber.
The water has the ability to absorb the large quantity of ammonia
vapour.
Heat is removed in the absorber to increase the absorption capacity
of water.
The strong solution in the absorber is pumped to the generator.
The strong solution is heated in the generator during the heating the
ammonia vapours are driven off the solution and the weak solution
flows back to the absorber.
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 3
6
Practical vapour absorption system
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 4
6
Practical vapour absorption system
The simple vapour absorption system discussed previously is not
very economical.
To improve the effectiveness it is fitted with the accessories an
analyzer, a rectifier and two heat exchangers.
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 5
6
Ammonia Hydrogen (Electrolux)
Refrigeration system
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 6
6
Electrolux Refrigeration system
This type of refrigerator is also called three fluid absorption system
The main purpose of this system is to eliminate the pump so that in
the absence of moving part the machine becomes noiseless.
The three fluids used are ammonia, water and hydrogen.
The ammonia act as the refrigerant.
The hydrogen being the lightest gas is used to increase the rate of
evaporation of the liquid ammonia passing through the
evaporator.
Water acts as the solvent.
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 7
6
Lithium Bromide Absorption system
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 8
6
Working of Lithium bromide
In a water-lithium bromide vapor absorption refrigeration system, water is
used as the refrigerant while lithium bromide (Li Br) is used as the absorbent.
In the absorber, the lithium bromide absorbs the water refrigerant, creating a
solution of water and lithium bromide. This solution is pumped by the pump
to the generator where the solution is heated. The water refrigerant gets
vaporized and moves to the condenser where it is cooled while the lithium
bromide flows back to the absorber where it further absorbs water coming
from the evaporator.
The water-lithium bromide vapour absorption system is used in a number of
air conditioning applications. This system is useful for applications where the
temperature required is more than 32 degree F.
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 9
6
Advantages of absorption system over
compression system
No moving part except pump-motor, which is comparatively smaller
than compressor system.
Quiet in operation, low maintenance cost.
Can work only with thermal energy as an input.
Can be built for huge working capacities. (even for above 1000 TR)
Can be operated at designed C.O.P’s or even at part loads by
varying
generator temperature.
Space and Auto. control requirements favour absorption system.
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 10
6
Types of Refrigerants
1. Halo Carbons
2. Azeotropic Refrigerants
3. Zeotropic Refrigerants
4. Inorganic Refrigerants
5. Hydrocarbon Refrigerants
12/31/2016 Jahangirabad institute of technology 1
Halocarbon Refrigerants
Halocarbon Refrigerant are all synthetically produced and were
developed as the Freon family of refrigerants.
Examples :
CFC’s : R11, R12, R113, R114, R115
HCFC’s : R22, R123
HFC’s : R134a, R404a, R407C, R410a
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 12
6
Inorganic Refrigerants
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Ammonia
Air
Sulphur dioxide
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 13
6
Azeotropic Refrigerants
A stable mixture of two or several refrigerants whose
vapour and liquid phases retain identical compositions over
a wide range of temperatures.
Examples : R-500 : 73.8% R12 and 26.2% R152
R-502 : 8.8% R22 and 51.2% R115
R-503 : 40.1% R23 and 59.9% R13
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 14
6
Zeotropic Refrigerants
A zeotropic mixture is one whose composition in liquid
phase differs to that in vapour phase. Zeotropic refrigerants
therefore do not boil at constant temperatures unlike
azeotropic refrigerants.
Examples :R404a : R125/143a/134a
(44%,52%,4%) R407c : R32/125/134a
(23%, 25%, 52%)
R410a : R32/125 (50%, 50%)
R413a : R600a/218/134a (3%, 9%, 88%)
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 15
6
Hydrocarbon Refrigerants
Many hydrocarbon gases have successfully been used as refrigerants
in industrial, commercial and domestic applications.
Examples: R170, Ethane, C2H6
R290 , Propane C3H3
R600, Butane, C4H10
R600a, Isobutane, C4H10
Blends of the above Gases
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 16
6
Environmental Effects of
Refrigerants
- Depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere
- Global warming :
Refrigerants directly contributing to global warming when released to the
atmosphere
Indirect contribution based on the energy consumption of among others
the compressors ( CO2 produced by power stations )
12/31/201 Jahangirabad institute of technology 17
6
