Civilization

Early Civilization:
Slowly over this period people addressed two issues.
• Preservation
• Extension of human life

Approximately 4000 B.C Large number of people

moving into the lowlands of Mesopotamia and
Egypt.
 Mesopotamia
Geography of Mesopotamia:
Mostly dry desert climate in South Asia except in region between Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

A Flat plain known as Mesopotamia lies

between the two rivers.

It is called the Fertile Crescent because

Have a rich soil.
Mesopotamian society:
Three social classes
• Upper class: Priests and nobility (kings)
• Middle class: Craftsmen, Merchants and Farmers
These people made largest group.
• Lower class: Ordinary workers (Peasants, Slaves)
Kingdoms of Mesopotamia:
Four major Kingdoms of Mesopotamia
• Sumerians: Located in Southern Mesopotamia. Earliest Known Civilization - 4300
B.C
• Akkad: Central Mesopotamia. King Sargon conquered all of Mesopotamia by
2330 B.C.
• Babylon: 1792 B.C. Hammurabi became king.
• Assyria: Northern Mesopotamia.
Political structure:
• Sumerian was divided into city states. Each city had its own ruler, laws, and social
customs.
• Each city states was ruled by a king who was the head of the city.
Economics of Mesopotamia:
• Mesopotamia's economy was based on agriculture and trade.
• Mesopotamian traded natural resources like jewels and precious stones.
• Mesopotamian also traded art, pottery, jewelry and slaves.
Sumerian inventions:
History:
Code of Hammurabi:
The code of Hammurabi is an early collection of rules or
laws set by king Hammurabi about 4000 years ago.

The code set up an "eye for an eye, and a tooth for a

tooth."
Egypt:
Egypt Civilization:
• Another culture similar to the Mesopotamia was flourish in Egypt.
• Egyptian society was ruled by a king god.
• The geography of the Egypt was the desert and the sea which made it difficult for the attackers to
menace.
• Fertile farmlands of the Nile which generated agriculture surplus.
Greek:
 Greek civilization:
Dark ages: (1200B.C to 800B.C)
ILIAD and ODYSSEY written by HOMER 
Archaic Period: (800B.C to 500B.C)
A new Greek civilization emerged and many of the roots of western
civilization are be found here.
For example: western politics, laws, and rules.
Athens
Today's population is about 5 million and is the capital of modern Greece.
Sparta city:
Today Sparta is a town of about
16000 inhabitants
• The concept of the polis is increasingly skillful and sophisticated implementation.

• Civilization develop with the trade and industry.

• Merchants became wealthy.

• The concept of "tyranny government."

• Tyrant lasted only about a hundred years.

Socrates was a classical
Greek philosopher
(470-399 B.C.)
Plato was an Athenian
philosopher
(428-348 B.C.)
Aristotle was one of the
greatest ancient philosopher
(384-322 B.C.)

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