DEFINITION OF

BACKGROUND TERMS

STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM CHAPTER 1 SCOPE AND
LIMITATIONS

CONCEPTUAL/THEORETICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF
HYPOTHESIS FRAMEWORK THE STUDY
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BACKGROUND
 Cement is an extremely important construction material. It is used in the production
of the many structures that make up the modern world.
 However the demand for construction materials like cement blocks increases,
resulting in the high usage of nonrenewable resources.
 Thus, one way of addressing the issue is finding alternatives such as adding locally
available materials in concrete which have cementitious properties and have the
ability to increase the compressive strength of the cement block.
 With these, the cost of materials can be reduced as the discarded Rice Husk Ash,
Oyster Shells, and Crab Shells are used as admixture, a cement or sand replacement
in concrete production.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Generally, this study was conducted to determine if the integration of Rice Husk
Ash (Oryza sativa), Oyster Shells (Crassostrea gigas), and Crab Shells (Brachyura) can be
used as components in cement block production for compressive strength capacity
enhancement. Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:
1. What is the compressive strength of treatment A?
2. What is the compressive strength of treatment B?
3. What is the compressive strength of treatment C?
4. What is the compressive strength of treatment D?
5. Is there a significant difference of the compressive strength in different
treatments?
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HYPOTHESES
There is a significant difference in compressive strength in different treatments.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 Community
 Construction Industry
 Economy
 Environment
 Future Researchers
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ANILAO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

 Kolbs’s Theory “Experiential Learning”

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Experimenting with the Testing out the Integration of Compressive Strength

Compressive Strength Capacity
Enhancement of Cement Block
Using the Integration of the rice
Husk ash, Oyster Shells, Crab
Shells.
Rice Husk Ash, Oyster Shells,
Crab Shells to Enhance the
Compressive Strength
Capacity of the Cement Block.
Capacity Enhancement of
Cement Blocks Using the
Integration of the Rice Husk
Ash, Oyster Shells, Crab
Shells.
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ANILAO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

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SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

 This study is limited only in comparing the durability, as measured in compressive strength of
cement blocks from different treatments.
 This study applied the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and will be conducted at Barangay
San Juan Crisostomo, Anilao, Iloilo from May to April 2023.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Capacity
 Cement block
 Compressive strength
 Crab shell
 Enhancement
 Integration
 Oyster shell
 Rice husk ash
CHAPTER 2

RELATED LITERATURE
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RELATED LITERATURE
 According to a study by Ketebu and Furrow (2017) titled “Comparative Study on
Cementitious Content of Ground Mollusk Snail and Clam Shell and their Mixture
as an Alternative to Cement”.

 Adewuyi et al. (2015) presented the applicability of mollusk farming residues,

particularly the shells and shell-ash in partial or full replacement for coarse
aggregate and ordinary Portland cement (OPC), respectively. This study was
titled “Utilization of Mollusk Shells for Concrete Production for a Sustainable
Environment”.
RESEARCH DESIGN DATA ANALYSIS

MATERIALS AND
CHAPTER 3
DATA GATHERING
TOOLS ORCEDURE

LOCALE OF THE
PROCEDURAL DESIGN
STUDY

SUBJECTS OF THE STUDY RESEARCH

INSTRUMENT
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RESEARCH DESIGN
The Complete Randomize Design (CRD) will be used. CRD is the simplest design for
comparative experiments, also best suited for experiments with a small number of
treatments. The treatments are allocated to the experimental units or plots in a completely
random manner.

MATERIALS AND TOOLS

This study employed 4kg Powdered Oyster Shells, 1kg of Rice Husk Ash, 2 Sacks of Sand, 2
Sacks of Gravel, 1 Sack of Commercial Cement, and 6L Water. The tools that will be used in
this study are the alternative furnace, fire wood, small container, mortar and pestle,
hammer, mallet, sack, sieve, spade, masonry trowel, small bucket, weighing scale, and
hollow block machine.
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LOCALE OF THE STUDY

This study will be conducted at Barangay San Juan Crisostomo, Anilao, Iloilo
from April to May 2023.

SUBJECTS OF THE STUDY

The subject of this study are the cement blocks to be made using
the integration of Rice Husk Ash, Oyster Shells, and Crab Shells.
The production of cement blocks in this study will consist of four
basic processes: mixing, molding, curing, and cubing.
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PROCEDURAL Gathering and Preparing of Materials and Tools

DESIGN Calcination of Shells

Pulverizing of Shells

Filtering

Proportioning and Mixing of Materials

Treatment A Treatment B Treatment C Treatment D

1 kg Oyster Shells 1 kg Crab Shells ½ kg Oyster Shells Commercial Cement Block
1 kg Rice Husk Ash 1 kg Rice Husk Ash ½ kg Crab Shells
1 kg Cement 1 kg Cement 1 kg Rice Husk Ash
3 kg Sand 3 kg Sand ½ kg Cement
2 kg Gravel 2 kg Gravel 3 kg Sand, 2 kg Gravel

Molding

Drying
Data Gathering
Durability (Compressive Strength)
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DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

 Permission will be asked from the Principal of Anilao National High School to conduct the Experimental
Research on Compressive Strength Capacity Enhancement of Cement Blocks using the Integration of Rice
Husk Ash, Oyster Shells, Crab Shells. The researchers will be conducting three treatments with three
replicates prepared for the study.
 Results will be gathered, recorded, and analyzed using Mean and One-way Analysis of Variance set at 5%
alpha level of significance to determine the significant difference among the treatments of Rice Husk Ash,
Oyster shells, and Crab Shells as components in cement block production in terms of durability.

DATA ANALYSIS
The data will be gathered, recorded, and analyzed. The data that will be obtained from the study will be
subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using the MegaStat Software. Mean will be used
to express the average durability of each treatment. One-way ANOVA set at 5% alpha level of significance
will be used to determine if there is a significant difference between each treatment.
THE END