DATA

COLLECTION?
English for Academic and
Professional Purposes
Data Collection Methods and Tools
for Research
PREPARED BY: MR. RAYMUND
CHRISTOPHER L. CARBON
 LESSON OBJECTIVES

Within the given time period student are expected to:

1. identify the different types of research data
collection methods and tools;
2. determine the guidelines in designing the various
types of data collection methods and tools
3. conduct survey and observation; and
4. write an effective survey questionnaire.
 Data Collection Methods and Tools
for Research

Data Collection is an integral phase in any type

of research study. When a researcher fails to
execute an effective data collection procedure, it
can lead to reporting invalid results. Thus,
appropriate methods and tools should be used
to systematically collect information for every
research.
Data collection methods set procedures for
gathering data from all various sources to
answer the research problem, test the
hypothesis and evaluate the outcomes. Data
Collection tools or research instruments are
used to obtain, measure, and analyze data
from subjects around a certain research
topic.
 Activity 1 – Agree or Disagree?

Have you ever interviewed somebody

before? Have you ever conducted a survey?
Decide whether you agree or disagree with
the following statements in gathering data
for a specific form of research. Tick the
designated column of your choice.
 Data Gathering Methods and Tools

In conducting research, it is important that a

suitable data gathering method and tool are used
to better serve the purpose of the study. As
explained by Taherdoost (2016), these methods and
tools achieve reliability by arriving at consistent and
stable data, while validity is attained by yielding
accurate results. They are useful in conducting either
quantitative or qualitative research.
The aim of quantitative research is to
generate numerical data through more
structured collection methods while
qualitative research purposely
explores trends in thoughts and
opinions to gain insights about the
identified research problem.
 Let Us Remember

• Data collection methods and tools are important aspects in

accomplishing a specific research study.
• There are various basic types of data collection methods and
tools; these are: interview, observation, survey, and experiment.
• Data collection tools or research instruments should achieve
reliability and validity to provide accurate results.
• A researcher should choose the most adequate data gathering
method and tool according to the type of data needed in the
research study.
Data Collection Method
• Interview
• Observation
• Questionnaire
• Experiment
Types of Observation
• Participant
• Non Participant
• Structured
• Unstructured
• Covert
• Overt
Types of Experiment
•Natural Experiment
•Controlled Experiment
•Field Experiment
Types of Questionnaire
•Open-Ended Questions
•Close-ended Questions
 LET’S ASSESS
GET ¼ SHEET OF
PAPER
¼ SIR ? YES 1/4
TEST I ENUMERATION
1-4 Enumerate different types of
Data Collection
5-10 Types of Observation
11-13 Types of Experiment
14-15 Types of Questionnaire
MULTIPLE CHOICES
1. Which of the following should NOT be
included in the methodology?
a. the source of data analyzed
b. an explanation of the graphs and tables
c. an interpretation of the findings of the
study
d. the operational concepts used in the
analysis
2. Which section of a research report provides
the details of the findings obtained from a
study?
a. Discussion
b. Methodology
c. Results
d. References
3. Which section presents the steps
undertaken to complete the study?
a. Abstract
b. Conclusion
c. Introduction
d. Methodology
4. Which section contains the purpose and
current state of the field of
discipline?
a. Abstract
b. Introduction
c. Methodology
d. Literature Review
5. Which section includes the recommendations
on how other
researchers could improve the research?
a. Conclusion
b. Methodology
c. References
d. Results and Discussion
6. What should be provided in the
methodology?
a. results of the study
b. conclusion of the study
c. anchored theories and hypotheses
d. ways to answer the research question
7.Where is the paper’s overall conclusion
seen first in a research report?
a. Abstract
b. Conclusion
c. Introduction
d. Theoretical Lens
8. Where are tables and graphs of the
gathered data presented?
a. Results
b. Conclusion
c. Methodology
d. Literature review
9. Which is NOT a characteristic of a
research report?
a. presents factual results
b. presents informative title
c. presents compilation of ideas
d. presents the why’s of the results
10. Which is the correct order in writing a research report?
a. Abstract, Literature Review, Results and Discussion,
Conclusion, References
b. Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results and
Discussion, Conclusion, Abstract, References
c. Literature Review, Methodology, Results and Discussion,
Conclusion, Introduction, Abstract, References
d. Methodology, Literature Review, Results and Discussion,
Conclusion, Abstract, References
 11. Which among the following statements best describes
a data collection tool?
a. It is a tool in research used to attain, assess, and analyze
data from a specified set of respondents.
b. It is a tool in research designed to identify the
participants of the study.
c. It is a tool in research written to evaluate the objectives
of the study.
d. It is a tool in research used to achieve the purpose of the
study.
12. What should be the basis in choosing the
appropriate data collection method and tool for
a research?
a. participants of the study
b. budget of the researcher
c. nature of the research
d. venue of the study
13. Which data gathering tool can be used to
achieve a set of qualitative data
with responses that are often open-ended?
a. Experiment
b. Interview
c. Observation
d. Questionnaire
14. Which is tested in an
experiment?
a. respondents’ honesty
b. hypothesis
c. questions
d. responses
15. The following statements are steps in writing
effective questionnaire items,
EXCEPT:
a. Write questions that would require subjective
responses.
b. Use simple language in writing questions.
c. Write questions in affirmative statements.
d. Arrange items in logical sequence.
16. Which is used with respondents that are
unable to answer questions in oral and written
forms?
a. Experiment
b. Interview
c. Observation
d. Questionnaire
17. Why do we need to become thorough in observing
the behavior of our participants and their environment?
a. To perceive any valuable behaviors, words and other
visuals that
would provide an accurate analysis of the observed data
b. To note meaningful behaviors of participants and give
suggestions on
how to improve them
c. To determine the strengths of our participants
d. To value the experiences of our participants.
18. Why is it appropriate to use a simple language in
designing questions?
a. It spares the researcher from the stress of the
preparation of the
instrument.
b. It maximizes time in questionnaire administration.
c. It promotes the reliability of results.
d. It aids in comprehension.
19. Which part of the questionnaire helps the
researcher determine the right
choice of respondents?
a. Open-ended questions section
b. Personal information section
c. Basic questions section
d. Main questions section
20. What best describes a structured
observation?
a. It requires the researcher to have a list of
behaviors that should be observed.
b. It must be done without informing the
participants.
c. It should be conducted in a certain laboratory.
d. It only notes surfacing behavior.
ANSWERS
 10. Overt
1. Interview
11. Natural Experiment
2. Observation 12. Controlled
3. Questionnaire Experiment
4. Experiment 13. Field Experiment
5. Participant 14. Open-Ended
6. Non Participant Questions
7. Structured 15. Close-ended
Questions
8. Unstructured
9. Covert
 ANSWERS

1.C 6. D 11. A 16. C

2.C 7. B 12. C 17. A
3.D 8. A 13. B 18. C
4.B 9. C 14. B 19. B
5.A 10. B 15. A 20. A