SBEH 4363

GEOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
IN REAL ESTATE
Dr. Siti Zaleha Daud
GUESS
WHAT?
Introduction
GIS is a system that creates, manages,
analyzes, and maps all types of data.
GIS connects data to a map,
integrating location data with all types
of descriptive information.
Reference:
ESRI

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 GIS HISTORY (WORLD)
1950 1960 1970
1966
NORTH NORTH AMERICA AMERICA &
AMERICA HARVARD
(natural resources EUROPE
UNIVERSITY
(research and environment (computer –based
universities) research) (digital mapping)
GIS)

TODAY
DECISION MAKING TOOLS
- GIS Model 1990
- Spatial relationship 1980
WORLD
- Problem solving tool ESRI
(GIS
- Integrated database management (GIS software)
application)
- Spatial analysis
- Spatial statistic analysis
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 A Brief History of GIS
In the 1970s, private vendors began offering off-the-shelf GIS packages. For
example, M&S Computing (later Intergraph) and Environmental Systems
Research Institute (ESRI) emerged as the leading vendors of GIS software.
 In 1981, ESRI released Arc/Info, a standard package which ran on mainframe
computers. As computing power increased and hardware prices plummeted in
the 1980s, GIS became a viable technology for state and municipal planning.
In 1992, ESRI released ArcView, a desktop mapping system with a graphical
user interface that marked a major improvement in usability over Arc/Info’s
command-line interface. By the early 1990s, GIS initiatives existed in all fifty
states.
Overall, GIS came into the sphere of decision-making in many disciplines in
the late 1980s and early 1990s. In the late 1990s, for example, GIS was being
adopted slowly on the sub-municipal level by neighbourhood organisations
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 A Brief History of GIS
Today, GIS is used in most disciplines that utilise spatial relationships of
phenomena for decision-making, including the real estate discipline.
The advent of GIS has allowed an analytical tool to be embodied in
various aspects of real estate problem-solving (Wofford and Thrall, 1997).
 Among other things, this tool offers an integrated database handling
system relating geographic and property data for various analyses. For
instance, in valuation, GIS can be used to integrate geographic data and
sales data of properties, and spatial analyses of the data.
These two features are claimed to have advanced data management and
real estate analyses, quite apart from their integration with statistical
techniques.
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 GIS HISTORY (MALAYSIA)
1980 1992 1992
JUPEM,Jalan Penang GIS Agriculture
Semarak,KL PEGIS Department

1994 1993 1993

Melaka City Sabah Agriculture Selangor
Council Department DEGIS

1995
1995
Federal Territory 1997
& Klang Valley Forest Department
NaLIS
of Sarawak
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 GIS History in Malaysia
Digital Cadastral Database (DCDB) and the National Topographic Database
by the Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM) in the mid-
1980s.
Penang GIS in 1992 was the first across-the-board statewide GIS project in
Malaysia. The implementation was known as PEGIS (Penang Geographic
Information System).
Another early initiative is the Computerised Planning Information System by
Malacca City Council in 1994 and upgraded in 1996. The objective of this
system is to convert all land-related information within the Council
Administrative area, into a more efficient and integrated digital format.
Selangor joined into the state GIS bandwagon with the implementation of
Darul Ehsan GIS (DEGIS). It has been given the role of integrating the
diverse datasets through the Internet to create an effective, consistent and
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 GIS History in Malaysia
In Malaysia, efforts have been made since 1992 to establish a national
infrastructure for a land information system.
National Infrastructure for Land Information System (NaLIS) is established
to provide the technology, policies and standards necessary to acquire,
distribute and improve the utilisation of land information. The main
objective of NaLIS is to provide timely access to land information, eliminate
or reduce duplication of data capture and promote effective data sharing
among related agencies.
The Agriculture Department ventured into GIS in 1992 with the replacement
of its obsolete mini-computer system by a high-performance 'client-server'
system, which maintains a land and land use investigation database.
The Sabah Agriculture Department ventured into GIS in the late 1993 and
was then engaged in the process of digitizing all its land use distribution
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maps at a scale of 1:25,000.
 GIS History in Malaysia

 In 1995, the Development Unit for the Federal Territory and Klang Valley in
the Prime Minister Department (then Ministry of Federal Territory) began
developing GIS application called 'AGISWlk' (stands for Aplikasi GIS
Wilayah Lembah Klang).

 The Forest Department of Sarawak was in the process of procuring a GIS

which was approved by the government in early 1995. The system's overall
objective was to establish an efficient and operational Forest Management
Information System using GIS as a tool to support and strengthen the
department to carry out its mandate as the custodian of the state's forest
resources
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 What & Why GIS?

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 Interactive mapping websites
Interactive mapping websites offer locators for finding real estate
listings, credit union service centers, restaurants, coffee shops, and
hotels.

Mobile resource management tools

Mobile resource management tools track and manage the
location of field crews and mobile assets in real time.

Integration of Mobile GIS

GIS & Other Mobile GIS allows field workers to collect and access
geospatial data in the field.

Technologies Location-based services

Location-based services let mobile phone users search for location
information such as nearby banks and restaurants, and track friends,
dates, children, and the elderly.

Automotive navigation systems

Automotive navigation systems provide turn-by-turn guidance,
optimal route, and live traffic updates to drivers.
 What Is GIS?

GIS GEOSPATIAL DATA SPATIAL

FEATURES​
A computer Geospatial Data – Spatial Features – a
system for are data describing spatial data set of the
both the locations same geometry type in
capturing,
and characteristics geospatial database.
storing, querying, of spatial features Example – ROAD –
analyzing, and such as roads, land location (where it is) and
displaying parcels, and characteristics (e.g name,
vegetation stands on length, speed limit and
geospatial data. direction) - Fig.1.1
the Earth’s surface.
​
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 Figure 1.1
An example of
geographically referenced
data. The road or street
network is based on a
plane coordinate system.
The box on the right lists
the x- and y-coordinates of
the end points and other
attributes of a street
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 GIS Definition
An organized collection of computer hardware,
software, geographic data, and personnel designed to
ESRI effectively capture, store, update, manipulate,
analyze, and display all forms of geographically
referenced information.

Computerized system that allows land related

Ng, 1993 information to be stored with reference to their
geographical location.

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 Set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving at
Burrough,1986 will, transforming and displaying spatial data from
the real world for a particular set of purposes.

A computer based system that provides four sets

of capabilities to handle geo-referenced data : data
Arnoff,1989 input data management (data storage and retrieval)
manipulation and analysis data output.

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 GIS Manual & Computerised

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 GIS Opportunities in
Real Estate (Castle,
1993)
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Type of player Example of services/products Examples of firm

Data Vendor Market, economic, and demographic data: population, income, employment, Equifax, Donnelly, CACI, Claritas.
household expenditures, inventory, construction starts, demolitions, vacancy rates,
rents, and transaction prices.

Service Provider GIS data and spatial analyses of market conditions for feasibility studies, property Deloitte & Touche, Andersen
  valuations, expert testimony for law suits, etc. Consulting.
  GIS data for proposals, detailed local market conditions (e.g. available space and  
  rental conditions of properties) in particular areas. C.B. Commercial.
  Local Multiple Listing Services’ GIS databases.  
  GIS based atlas for home buyers and brokers.  
   Better Homes & Gardens affiliates.
 
Local Local Government Enterprise Information System that is used to display and query Pekan District Council; Batu Pahat
Government information needed by the public pertaining to government’s management, Municipality Council; State of
development, and planning programs. Malacca.

Corporate User GIS based inventory of corporate holdings plus other "layers" on market conditions  
  (e.g., current vacancy rates and asking rents). CSX Real Property, Inc.
   
  GIS based extensive mapping of real estate holdings (asset and valuation) plus host-
  based real estate information system for day-to-day management and asset
  disposition

Developer Locating a new home in a desirable area Pulte Homes, Inc.

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Summary
GIS is a versatile spatial and non-spatial data or
information handling system that can be used to aid
decision-making process in many types of real estate
analyses.
As a branch of disciplines that deals with so many
spatial phenomena, real estate has a perfect fit in using
GIS for some of its problem-solving undertakings.
With the emergence of GIS technology now available
to the fullest extent, practitioners are helped with
various GIS spatial analysis functions in simulating the
real world situations.

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Thank you
sitizalehadaud@utm.my