03 STRESS-STRAIN

STRESS-STRAIN
ANALYSIS

WEEK 3 LECTURE

Engr. Alexander B. De Lara

LEARNING OUTCOMES

• To define simple strain and deformation

• To relate the stress of a material to its strain using the stress-strain diagram
• To relate the stress and strain distribution in different axes of a body
• To solve engineering problems involving simple strain
SIMPLE STRAIN

Also known as unit deformation, strain is the ratio of the change in length caused by the applied force,
to the original length.
SIMPLE STRAIN

the straight-line portion of the stress-strain

diagram, the slope is the ratio of stress to
strain. It is called the modulus of elasticity and
is denoted by E:
SIMPLE STRAIN

ELASTIC LIMIT
A material is said to be elastic if, after being
loaded, the material returns to its original
shape when the load is removed.
SIMPLE STRAIN

YIELD POINT
The point where the stress-strain diagram
becomes almost horizontal is called the yield
point, and the corresponding stress is known
as the yield stress or yield strength.
SIMPLE STRAIN

ULTIMATE STRESS
The ultimate stress or ultimate strength, as it is
often called, is the highest stress on the stress-
strain curve.
SIMPLE STRAIN

FRACTURE STRESS
The fracture stress or rupture strength is the
stress at which failure occurs.
AXIAL DEFORMATION

HOOKE’S LAW
the strain of the material is proportional to the applied stress within the elastic limit of that
material.
𝜎 =𝜖 𝐸
AXIAL DEFORMATION

𝑃𝐿
𝛿=
𝐴𝐸
PROBLEM 1

A bar having a length of 5 in. and cross-sectional area of 0.7 in.2 is subjected to an axial force of 8000
lb. If the bar stretches 0.002 in., determine the modulus of elasticity of the material. The material has
linear-elastic behavior.
PROBLEM 2

The pin-connected rigid rods AB and BC are inclined at an angle = 30 degrees when they are
unloaded. When the force P is applied, the angle becomes 30.2°. Determine the average normal strain
developed in wire AC.
PROBLEM 3

The strut is supported by a pin at C and an A-36 steel guy wire AB. If the wire has a diameter of 0.2
in., determine how much it stretches when the distributed load acts on the strut.
PROBLEM 4

A steel rod having a cross-sectional area of 300 mm2 and a length of 150 m is suspended vertically
from one end. It supports a tensile load of 20 kN at the lower end. If the unit mass of steel is 7850
kg/m3 and E = 200 × 103 MN/m2 , find the total elongation of the rod.
PROBLEM 5

The wires each have a diameter of 0.5 in., length of 2 ft, and are made from 304 stainless steel.
Determine the magnitude of force P so that the rigid beam tilts 0.015°.
PROBLEM 6

The rigid bar ABC is supported by a pin at A and a steel rod at B. Determine the largest vertical
load P that can be applied at C if the stress in the steel rod is limited to 35 ksi and the vertical
movement of end C must not exceed 0.12 in. Neglect the weights of the members.
POISSON’S RATIO

Poisson showed that the ratio of the transverse strain to the axial strain is constant for stresses
within the proportional limit.
PROBLEM 7

The acrylic plastic rod is 200 mm long and 15 mm in diameter. If an axial load of 300 N is applied to
it, determine the change in its length and the change in its diameter. EP = 2.70 GPa, νP = 0.4.