REFRACTION OF LIGHT

REFRACTION
It is described as the bending
of light when it travels from
one medium to another of
different optical densities.
 OPTICAL DENSITY
The ability of the atoms
to hold light a little
longer, which makes light
a little sluggish or bent.
OPTICAL ILLUSIONS:
THE CAMERA AND THE EYE
CAMERA EYE
Aperture – a small opening in the Pupil – which is covered by convex
camera where light enters lens in the eyes

Shutter – opens to expose the aperture Eyelid – when it is closed the light
or closes to prevent light from entering cannot enter the pupil
the aperture.

Diaphragm – opens or closes to allow Iris – regulates the light entering the
or disallow light to strike the lens. eye

Photographic film or SD card - Retina – found at the back of the eye

works just like the retina and it is where the image is formed
EYE DISEASES AND CORRECTIVE PROCEDURE
EYE DISEASES CORRECTIVE PROCEDURE

NEARSIGHTEDNESS OR MYOPIA - In this A DIVERGING OR CONCAVE LENS is used to

defect, the image formed by the lens is found before correct nearsightedness.
the retina.

For the person to see clearly, the object must be Since rays are diverged by the concave lens, it can
brought near the eye so the image would fall on the bring the image to fall on the retina
retina

FARSIGHTEDNESS OR HYPEROPIA – In this A CONVERGING OR CONVEX LENS is used to

defect, the image is formed beyond the retina. correct farsightedness.

For the person to see clearly, the object must be This lens converges light bringing the image closer
brought away from the eye so the image would fall to fall on the retina.
on the retina
AID TO VISION
OBJECTS USE
MAGNIFYING A convex lens used to magnify object. It helps to
GLASS or HAND get a larger image of the object under study. It can
LENS also be used to focus light, like in concentrating
the sun’s rays to focus on a spot.

MICROSCOPE An optical device that produces a larger image of

the object.
It is usually consists of two lenses (double –
convex).
a. Objective lens – focused on the object
b. Eyepiece – where you look through the object.

OPTICAL An instrument that is used to bring very far –

TELESCOPE distant objects closer to the eye.
The values of Index of Refraction (n) of other media
MATERIAL INDEX OF REFRACTION (n)

Diamond 2.147

Zircon 1.923

Light flint glass 1.580

Crown glass 1.520

Fused Quartz 1.458

Ethyl alcohol 1.360

Ice air 1.310

Water 1.30

Vacuum/ Air 1.000

INDEX OF REFRACTION
The measure of the bending
of light ray when passing
from one medium to another.
Where:
𝑐  n = index of refraction
𝑛=  c = speed of light in vacuum
𝑣  v = speed of light in medium
SAMPLE:
 The speed of light in air is
3x10 m/s. What is the index
8

of refraction of a material
whose speed is 1.8x10 m/s?
8
SAMPLE:
Find the velocity of light
in the ice if the index of
refraction is 1.31
SNELL’S LAW OR LAW OF
REFRACTION
n sin θ
1 1

Where:
 n1 = index of refraction of medium 1
 n2 = index of refraction of medium 2
 θ1 = angle of incidence
 θ2 = angle of refraction
SAMPLE:
 A light ray strikes a diamond at an
angle of 60º. If the angle of
refraction is 10º, what is the index
of refraction of the diamond
SAMPLE:
 A ray of light strikes the water
surface of the Manila Bay at an
angle of incidence 55º. Compute
the angle of refraction if the index
of refraction of seawater is 1.33
EXERCISES:
 A ray of light strikes a crown glass
submerged in ethyl alcohol. If the
angle of refraction is 25º, what is
the angle of incidence?
EXERCISES:
 A light ray traveling air strikes a
zircon at 15º and was refracted at
46º. What is the index of refraction
in zircon?