LIGHTING DESIGN - SESSION 2

TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS

A LAMP DOES NOT SPEAK; IT INTRODUCES ITSELF THROUGH ITS LIGHT

ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA

CHAPTER)
 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2
The Electric Lamp
• An electric light is a device that produces visible light by the flow of electric current
• In technical usage, a replaceable component that produces light from electricity is called a lamp
• Prior to electric lighting in the early 20th century, people used candles, gas lights, oil lamps,
and fires
• Humphry Davy developed the electric light (arc light) in 1802 and by 1870, this was used
extensively for outdoor lighting
• By 1879, Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison developed the incandescent lamps suitable for
interior use which became commercially viable in the 1920s

ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)

 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2

ARC LAMP INCANDESCENT LAMP

ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)

 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2
The Electric Lamp
• The first electricity distribution system was developed as a result of the successful
commercialization of the light bulb by Thomas Edison in 1882
• Fluorescent lamps were developed by General Electric in the 1920s but were not
commercially available until 1938
• Tungsten halogen lamps use chlorine or other halogens to prevent darkening of the glass
envelope. These were developed in 1882 but were not commercially available until 1959
• Solid-state lighting (SSL) uses semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to produce light.
Electroluminescence was discovered in 1907 but modern LED lamps were perfected much
later in 1995.
ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)
 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2

FLUORESCENT
LAMP HALOGEN LAMP LED LAMP

ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)

 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2
COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT LAMP TYPES

ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)

 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2
COLOUR TEMPERATURE
• Colour temperature relates to the colour
of light produced by a light source.
• It uses the Kelvin temperature
measurement scale to describe the
relative colour appearance of a white
light source.
• It indicates whether it appears more
yellow/gold (“warm”) or more blue
(“cool”),in terms of the range of
available shades of white.   
ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)
 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2
COLOUR TEMPERATURE SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS

ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)

 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2
EFFECT OF COLOUR TEMPERATURE ON SPACES

ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)

 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2
BALLASTS
• An electrical ballast is a device CHOKE BALLAST
intended to limit the amount of
current in an electric circuit. In
tubular fluorescent lamps, an ELECTRONIC
inductive ballast is used in BALLAST
alternating current, to limit the
current through the tube, while
electronic ballasts are used in
compact fluorescent lamps.

ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)

 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2
LUMINAIRE (LIGHTING FIXTURE)
What is a Luminaire? Types of Indoor Luminaires
• A complete lighting unit is called a
luminaire (light fixture). It consists of at
least the fixture body and a light socket
to hold the lamp and allow for its
replacement. It may also consist of a
diffuser, reflector or protection of
different types.
• Luminaires are of different
classifications depending on their usage.
ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)
 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2
INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION (INGRESS PROTECTION)

• The IP Code, International Protection Marking, IEC standard 60529, sometimes

interpreted as Ingress Protection Marking, classifies and rates the degree of
protection provided against intrusion (body parts such as hands and fingers),
dust, accidental contact, and water by mechanical casings and electrical
enclosures.
• The IP rating normally comes in a form of ‘IP(xy)’ where
‘x’ stands for protection against solid objects or materials and
‘y’ stands for protection against moisture and liquids

ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)

 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2
INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION (INGRESS PROTECTION)

ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)

 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2
LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEMS
• From simple wall-mounted dimmers to comprehensive lighting
management software systems, lighting control aims to enhance
comfort, support tasks, ensure the safe navigation of spaces, and save
energy.
• Lighting controls can be manual or automatic, or a combination of
automatic and manual override. All approaches have their benefits
and downsides that need to be understood by clients and designers.
• There are two broad categories of lighting controls:
1. Manual control
2. Electronic lighting control
ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)
 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2
MANUAL SWITCHES
• These are the conventional switches present in most buildings.
• Manual wall switches are not immune from problems, particularly where
switches and controls did not give clear indications of their function and
status.
• In open-plan offices particularly, banks of light switches that are not
intelligibly laid out or marked to designate their function will suffer
sweep-of-hand switching – with all lights switched on whether or not
they are all needed.
• Designers should attempt to specify lighting controls with clear labelling
and organise the switches in banks to control definable zones.
ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)
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ELECTRONIC LIGHTING CONTROL
• Electronic lighting control systems offer a range of benefits in terms of energy
efficiency and lighting comfort. The main functions they can perform are listed
below:
1. Presence detection: Infra-red detectors turn lights on when a person enters a
space and turns them off when they leave.
2. Daylight sensing: Turns lights down as the daylight increases, maintaining the
required light levels.
3. Time control: The lighting installation can be set to come on and go off at set
times.
4. Illumination control: Luminaires can be controlled to deliver lighting levels
between approximately 10% and 100% of the system output.
ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)
 LIGHTING DESIGN – SESSION 2

QUESTIONS?

ELECTRICAL SERVICES DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS/ESTATES (NIEEE ABUJA CHAPTER)