STORED GRAIN PESTS

(Khapra beetle)
PRESENTED BY
KHADEEJA
ROLL#
21017114-053
 KHAPRA BEETLE
(Trogoderma granarium)

Also called cabinet beetle

Prefers grain and cereals particularly wheat,
barley, oats, rye, maize and noodles
World’s most destructive pest of grain products
and seeds
Difficult to control because of insects ability to
survive without food for long periods
 Classification
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Insecta
Order Coleoptera
Family Dermestidae
Genus Trogoderma
Species T. granarium
 Distribution

Native to India
But has spread to many parts of Africa, Asia, Europe and Middle East
 Habitat
Occurs exclusively in closed environments in agriculture and urban
areas
Found in hot dry conditions in areas where average mean
temperature is greater than 20 °C and relative humidity below 50%
for at least four months of the year
 Morphology
Adult
Oval body
Small dark brown in color and covered with fine hair
Wings are present but can’t fly
Size 1.8-3mm
 Larva
Eruciform larva
Oval to elongate
Body have hair
Initial color of larva is whitish yellow
When becomes mature turns into reddish
brown
 Mode of damage
Larva typically attack the embryo point or a weak place of grain or
seed
Young larva feed on damaged seeds
Older larva is able to feed on whole grains
Cause weight loss 5-30%
In extreme case 70%
Life cycle
 Management
Eradication of Khapra beetle can be difficult due to its ability to enter an inactive
state
Surveillance—in storage facilities pheromone trapping and larval traps have
proved to be useful
Preventive measures—inspection at ports and entry points during international
trade
Physical measures—use of deoiled neem seed powder and diatomaceous earth
powder into wheat is an effective and cheap method,Heat treatment-30 mints
exposure at 60° C
Chemical measures—Methyl bromide fumigation
 References
Hadaway, A.B. (1956) "The biology of the dermestid beetles Trogoderma granarium
Everts and Trogoderma versicolor (Creutz)" Bulletin of Entomological Research 46(4):
781-796
Borzoui et al., (2015) “Different Diets Affecting Biology and Digestive Physiology of the
Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma Granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae).”
George Hangay and Paul Zborowski 2010, A guide to the beetles of Australia. CSIRO
Publication.
Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service, 2005. Australia’s most unwanted. A
guide to exotic pests and disease.
John Gerozisis and Phillip Hadlington, 2001. Urban Pests Management in Australia by
University of New South Wales Press LTD.