Course Name – Web Technology

Lecture 2– The Internet - Basic Internet Protocols, HTTP Protocol -

Request and Response, Web browser

Presented By
Sudipta Sahana
Asst. Prof.
Dept. of CSE
JIS College of Engineering
Sudipta.sahana@jiscollege.ac.in
 Topic of Interest

 What is Internet?
 Basic Internet Protocols
 HTTP Protocol
 Basic Architecture of HTTP
 Request/Response
 Web Browsers:
 What is Internet?
The Internet is a global wide area network that connects computer systems across the world.
When two computers are connected over the Internet, they can send and receive all kinds of
information such as text, graphics, voice, video, and computer programs.

The Internet grew out of the Advanced Research Projects Agency's Wide Area Network (then
called ARPANET) established by the US Department Of Defense in 1960s for collaboration
in military research among business and government laboratories.
 Basic Internet Protocols
Several protocols are used on the Internet, including Electronic Mail (e-mail), File Transfer
Protocol (FTP), HTTP (World Wide Web), News (or Usenet), Gopher and Telnet. Each of
these has its own standard and usage.

1. Electronic mail:
Included in the email protocol are three distinct protocols:
i. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): used for sending e-mails,
ii. IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): used for receiving e-mails
iii. POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3): used for receiving e-mails
 Basic Internet Protocols(Continued)
2. File Transfer Protocol:
File Transfer Protocol(FTP) is a means of transferring a file from one computer to another.
FTP is commonly used for uploading a web page to a web server so that it may be seen on the
World Wide Web.

3. News (or Usenet):

Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) is used for serving Usenet posts Usenet is similar to
the forums that many web sites have.

4. Gopher:
Another tool of the Internet is Gopher, a menu-based program that enables you to browse for
information without knowing where the material is located.

5. Telnet:
Telnet lets you log in to a remote computer just as you would if you were there. So any
commands that you would be able to run from the remote computer if you were sitting in
front of it, you would be able to run from the computer you logged in from.
 
 HTTP Protocol:
6. HTTP Protocol- Request and Response:

•HTTP means Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. HTTP is the underlying protocol used by the
World Wide Web and this protocol defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and
what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.
• For example, when you enter a URL in your browser, this actually sends an HTTP command
to the Web server directing it to fetch and transmit the requested Web page. The other main
standard that controls how the World Wide Web works is HTML, which covers how Web
pages are formatted and displayed.
 Basic Architecture of HTTP:
The HTTP protocol is a request/response protocol based on the client/server based
architecture where web browsers, robots and search engines, etc. act like HTTP clients, and
the Web server acts as a server.
 Request/Response
The HTTP protocol is set up to work in terms of requests and responses.

HTTP Client Request: HTTP client sends an HTTP Request to the HTTP Server
according to the HTTP standard, specifying the information the client like to retrieve from
the HTTP Server.

HTTP Server Response: Once the HTTP Request arrived at the HTTP server, it will
process the request and creates a HTTP Response message.
 Web Browsers:
Web Browser is an application software that allows us to view and explore information on the
web. User can request for any web page by just entering a URL into address bar.

Web browser can show text, audio, video, animation and more. It is the responsibility of a
web browser to interpret text and commands contained in the web page.
Thank
You