ENERGY IN

MOTION
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

• is a fundamental principle in physics which states that the

total energy in a closed system remains constant over time.
In other words, energy cannot be created or destroyed,
only transformed from one form to another.
MOMENTUM

• In physics, momentum is a property of a moving object that is related

to its mass and velocity. It is defined as the product of an object's
mass and its velocity:
• Momentum = mass x velocity
• Momentum is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude (size)
and direction. The direction of an object's momentum is the same as
its direction of motion.
MECHANICAL ENERGY

• Mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy and

kinetic energy in a system of objects. Potential energy
is the energy that is stored in an object due to its
position or configuration, while kinetic energy is the
energy that an object possesses due to its motion.
STUDIES ON
ENERGY
• James Prescott Joule experimented with engines, electricity and heat
throughout his life. Joule's findings resulted in his development of the
mechanical theory of heat and Joule's law, which quantitatively describes
the rate at which heat energy is produced from electric energy by the
resistance in a circuit.
• English physicist who established that the various forms of energy—
mechanical, electrical, and heat—are basically the same and can be
changed one into another. Thus, he formed the basis of the law of 
conservation of energy.
• Julius Robert Mayer discovered the Law of
Conservation of Energy. In its most compact
form, it is now called the First Law of
Thermodynamics: Energy is neither created nor
destroyed.
In 1863, Herman von Helmholtz (1821-1894), a
German physician and physicist, conducted a lecture
on the same subject. However, he had a different
idea of heat. Helmholtz viewed heat as a result of
particles motion. He used this to explain the
conservation of energy in a machine.
• Lord Kelvin (1824-1907) was the first scientist
to understand that energy transformation
involves dissipation of energy or the conversion
of energy to irrecoverable form. Energy can be
dissipated in the form of absorbance of light,
conduction of heat, diffusion, and friction.