ENERGY

Prepared by:
Engr. Hazel Mei M. Manuel, RChT

ENERGY
Energy - can be described as the capacity to do work, or the ability to move or cause change in matter.

There are 2 Main Types of Energy

1. Potential Energy
2. Kinetic Energy

2 Types of Energy
1. Potential Energy – stored energy
- associated with the relative position of an object
- stored in springs, batteries, food and fuel
Ex. Chemical, nuclear, electromagnetic, elastic, gravitational potential energy

2. Kinetic Energy – energy in motion

- energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion
- the faster an object moves, the higher the energy
Ex. Electrical (flow of electrons), sound (movement of air molecules), heat/thermal (movement of atoms),
any moving object (car, person, etc.)

Forms of Energy
1. Heat/Thermal Energy
- is kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules
- can be produced by friction
- causes changes in temperature and phase of any form of matter
Temperature – is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”.
• When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average
kinetic energy (KE), (the object is “hot”).
• When the atoms and molecules are moving slowly, they have lower KE, (the object is “cold”).
Ex. Thermal energy from a hot stove is transferred to a metal pot and causes the water molecules to move
faster increasing the temperature of the water.

2. Chemical Energy
- potential energy stored in bonds of atoms and molecules
Ex. Coal, wood, natural gas, and gasoline are fuels that contain chemical
energy

3. Electromagnetic Energy
- radiant energy that travels in waves at the speed of light
- is also carried by X-rays, radio waves, and laser light.
• Light is a form of electromagnetic energy.
• Each color of light (ROYGBV) represents a different amount of electromagnetic energy
4. Nuclear Energy
- is the energy trapped inside each atom
- can be produced either by the fusion (combining atoms) or fission (splitting of atoms) process.
Ex. Atomic bombs, nuclear power plants, nuclear submarines and the sun

5. Electrical Energy
- Kinetic energy from the movement of charged particles called electrons
Ex. Lightning, household current

Law of Conservation of Energy

The first law of thermodynamics, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that:
“energy can neither be created nor destroyed; although it can be transformed or changed from one form to
another.”

Electrochemical Energy
- is the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa.
• This includes reactions transferring electrons, redox reactions (reduction-
oxidation)

• Reduction – when a substance receives electron

• Oxidation – when a substance gives away electron