Lessons 2.3 and 2.

4 Study Guide
Key Terms (found in book, definitions also from notes)
● Physical change - a change in form or appearance without
changing the chemical composition
● Chemical change - a change that matter undergoes that
produces one or more new substances
● Law of conservation of matter/mass - PUT IN QUOTES: “Matter is
neither created nor destroyed in any physical or chemical
change. Matter is conserved.”
● Energy - the ability to work
○ Work - the ability to move an object that, left to itself, can
NOT move
● Temperature - the measurement of average particular
movement of particles in an object
● Thermal energy - the total energy of all of the particles in an
object
● Endothermic change - a change in which energy is taken in
● Exothermic change - a change in which energy is given off
● Kinetic energy - the energy of matter in motion
● Potential energy - the energy of an object because of its
position (e.g. a roller coaster at the top of a hill pointing
downwards has a lot of potential energy)
● Chemical energy - the internal energy stored in the chemical
bonds between atoms
● Electromagnetic energy - a type of energy that travels through
space in the form of waves (e.g. sunlight, radio waves, etc.)
● Electrical energy - the energy of electrically charged particles
moving from one place to another
● Electrode - two metal strips used in electrolysis
● Electrolysis - a chemical change where an electric spark is
used to break a compound into its constituent elements/simpler
compounds (ex. water to hydrogen and oxygen)
● Combustion - a rabid combination of fuel and oxygen,
produces heat, light, and new things (ex. Gas, coal, oil burning)
● Oxidation - slow combination of substance with oxygen (ex.
rust)
● Tarnishing - slow combination of bright metal with sulfur, makes
dark/dull coating on the metal (ex. Pennies/silver tarnishing)
Important Points (found in book)
1.
2.
3. Changes in Matter
○ A substance that undergoes a physical change is still the
same substance after the change.
○ Unlike a physical change, a chemical change produces
new substances with properties different from those of the
original substances.
○ Every chemical or physical change in matter includes a
change in energy.
4. Energy and Matter
○ Forms of energy related to changes in matter include
kinetic, potential, chemical, electromagnetic, electrical,
and thermal energy.
○ During a chemical change, chemical energy may be
changed to other forms of energy. Other forms of energy
may also be changed to chemical energy.
MIP’s (from notes)
● Know the Law of Conservation of Matter/Mass VERY WELL (on
the next page)
● Know the difference between heat and temperature (NOT THE
SAME THING!!!)
○ Heat- a type of energy
○ Temperature- a measurement of heat
● Know the different types of energy and how energy can
transform
○ Kinetic energy- energy that is in an object due to its
motion; any object that moves has kinetic energy
○ Potential energy- energy an object has due to its position,
location, or arrangement
○ Chemical energy- energy that is stored in chemical bonds
that hold atoms together
1. When the chemical bonds break, energy is released,
like in cellular respiration
○ Electromagnetic energy- energy that travels in the form of
waves; ex. Sun’s UV rays, infrared, radio waves, x-rays
○ Electrical energy- caused due to the movement of
electrons
○ Thermal energy- the total energy of all of the particles in
an object
○ Transformations-
1. A roller coaster at the top of a hill pointing
downwards has potential energy; when the roller
 coaster starts accelerating as it goes down the hill,
the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
2. The sun’s UV rays are an example of
electromagnetic energy; plants absorb this energy
and convert it into chemical energy for the process
of photosynthesis, where plants make sugar, where
energy is stored in chemical bonds; when we eat
plants and break down the chemical bonds, we
release the chemical energy, which we use for
everyday tasks, such as flipping a page in a book
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER (MASS)

PLEASE NOTE: This must be quoted word for word and put in quotes.

“Matter is neither
created nor
destroyed in any
physical or
chemical change.
Matter is
conserved.”