TOPICS IN ENERGY, WATER AND

ENVIRONMENT

PREPARED BY
Dr. AHMED SHEHATA GAD
Assistant Professor of Vehicle Dynamics and
Control, Helwan University,
Tel: +2 01001827352
 CHAPTER (2) ENERGY
Energy
• Nonrenewable energy (fossil fuels): coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear fuel.

• Renewable energy: hydropower, biomass, solar energy, wind, geothermal, waste,

and ocean energy.
Types of energy.
1. Mechanical energy:

2. Thermal energy is created from the vibration of atoms and molecules within substances.
3. Electrical energy
The protons and electrons of an atom carry an electrical charge. Protons have a positive charge (+) and
electrons have a negative charge (-).

4. Sound energy is the movement of energy through substances. It moves in waves and is produced when a force makes
an object or substance vibrate.
5. Radiant energy, also known as light energy or electromagnetic energy, radiant energy is a type of kinetic energy that
travels in waves.

1. Chemical energy is stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules – it is the energy that holds these particles together.
Stored chemical energy is found in food, biomass, petroleum, and natural gas.
2. Gravitational energy is a form of potential energy. It is energy associated with gravity or gravitational force in
other words, the energy held by an object when it is in a high position compared to a lower position.

3. Elastic energy is a form of potential energy, which is stored in an elastic object – such as a coiled spring or a stretched
elastic band. Elastic objects store elastic energy when a force causes them to be stretched or squashed.
4. Nuclear energy is stored in the nucleus of atoms. This energy is released when the nuclei are combined
(fusion) or split apart (fission).
 2.2 Energy Sources
2.2.1 Nonrenewable energy sources
2.2.1.1 Fossil fuels
How Fossil Fuels Work?
2.2.2 Renewable energy sources
2.2.2.1 Hydroelectric Energy
2.2.2.2 Solar energy
Types of Solar Energy
Active solar power convert sun’s energy from heat to other useful form, such as electricity and hot water. This can
be achieved through the use of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collector to hardness the energy.
Passive solar power direct use of sun’s heat energy for home heating, etc. Passive solar techniques include
orienting a building to the sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties,
and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. Figure
How Wind Power Works?