Continuation

on
Text Structures
 3. CLASSIFICATION
Classifying is one of the strategies
in writing which involves combining
objects or items into categories
based on distinct characteristics.
These grouped and classified items
are labeled under new
 Classification paragraphs can
be organized using an official or
personal calssification. official
classification includes widely-
known and accepted catergories
used by the government, a
business, or an organization.
 For example, the
classifications used by
PAG-ASA are yellow
rainfall warning, orange
rainfall warning, etc.
 4. Comparison and Contrast
Comparison is to see how two objects
or items are alike while contrast is to
identify their differences. Writers
use comparison and contrast not just
as a basic strategy in writing but as a
way of thining and learning.
 According to a learning theory,
new concepts are readily acquired
if their similiraties and differences
are established first.
The two ways in using comparison
and contrast in writing are in
chunks and in sequence.
 In chunking, the
characteristics of the items
being compared are presented
separately.
Whereas, in sequencing, the
attributes of the objects are
presented point by point.
 For example, in chunking the
charateristics of Honda Civic car
are presented first then followed
by the features of Toyota Corolla
car. Using sequenced comparison,
the features of the two cars will
be analyzed feature by feature.
 5. CAUSE AND EFFECT
Cause and effect as a writiing
strategy states or explains
reasons why things happen
or explains the results of
certain phenomena.
 In writing a cause
paragraph, it is important to
identify the most important
factor among several causes.
This will become he focus of
discussion in the written
 For example, what
causes the increasing
rate of school dropout?
Family problems? Poor
performance of
It has the same case with
effects paragraph. The
writer has to single out
what could likely be the
future outcomes of a
certain phenomenon.
For example, what will be the
effect of social networking
sites? Will it destroy the
personal social
relationships? Or will it
promote creation of
 AT LAST! WE'RE DONE WITH TEXT
STRUCTURE!
SAY “PAWER!” ALOUD IF YOU HAVE
UNDERSTAND CLEARLY THE
DISCUSSION OR SAY “OLATS!” ALOUD
IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS
REGARDING OUR DISCUSSION.
 ACTIVITY #2
In a 1 whole sheet of paper, write down an
example of a classification/comparison and
contrast/cause and effect kind of text. Limit
your work with the following characteristic:
2 paragraphs
5 sentences every paragraph
write a precise and convincing title