Bahasa Inggris 1

SENTENCE STRUCTURE Pradnya Paramita Dewi, M.A.

3nd meeting
March 3, 2021
SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Clauses are the building blocks of the sentences.
A clause is a group of words that contains (at least) a subject and a verb.
clause : ecology is a science
ecology  subject
is  Aux verb
pollution causes cancer
pollution  subject
causes  verb
KIND OF CLAUSES
Independent clause
it contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought

Subject + verb (+ complement)

e.g.:
1. Students normally spend four years in collage
2. People communicate mainly through language
KIND OF CLAUSES
Dependent clause
it begins with subordinator such as when, while, if, that, or who.
it does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence by
itself.

Subordinator + subject + verb (+ complement)

e.g: … who was accepted at Harvard University…

… when they come to the United State …
CLAUSE CONNECTORS
Subordinators (Subordinating conjunctions)

after before that when which

although even though though whenever while
as how unless where who
as if if until wherever whom
as soon as since what whether whose
because so that

Coordinators (Coordinating conjunction)

for and nor but or so

CLAUSE CONNECTORS
Conjunctive adverbs

accordingly furthermore in contrast meanwhile on the other hand

besides hence indeed moreover otherwise
consequently however instead nevertheless therefore
for example in addition likewise nonetheless thus
PRACTICE!
Write INDEP next to the independent clauses. Write DEP next to the dependent
clauses.
_______ 1. Jet lag affects most long-distance travelers.
_______ 2. which is simply the urge to sleep at inappropriate times.
_______ 3. during long journeys through several time zones, the body’s inner clock is
disrupted.
_______ 4. for some reasons, travel from west to east causes greater jet lag than
travel from east to west.
_______ 5. Also, changes in work schedules can cause jet lag.
KIND OF SENTENCES

Simple sentences
Compound sentences
Complex sentences
Compound-complex sentences
KIND OF SENTENCES
Simple sentence
simple sentence is one independent clause

S + V (+ O)
1. S + V  she comes late
2. S and S + V  My brother and I study together
3. S + V and V  I enjoy play tennis and look forward to it every weekend
4. S and S + V and V  Susie and James play tennis and go bowling every
weekend
KIND OF SENTENCES

Compound sentence
it contains two or more independent clauses joined together. There are three
ways:
1. With coordinator I enjoy tennis, but I hate golf
2. With conjunctive adverb I enjoy tennis; however, I hate golf
3. With a semicolon I enjoy tennis; I hate golf
KIND OF SENTENCES
Complex sentence
it contains one independent clause and one (or more) dependent clause(s).

The more important idea Independent clause

The less important idea Dependent clause
e.g.:
1. Men who are not married are called bachelors.
2. You will lose if you don’t try
3. As Alex was arriving to work, he realized he forgot his lunch.
KIND OF SENTENCES
Compound-Complex sentence
it contains two independent clauses (compound sentence) and one (or more)
dependent clause(s).

e.g.:
1. Although I like to go camping, I haven’t got the time to go lately, and I haven’t found
anyone to go with
2. I wanted to travel after I graduated from collage; however, I have to work immediately
3. The woman who wears a red jacket is my sister, and she is a lovable person
PRACTICE!!
Write 10 sentences which are contains simple, compound, complex and compound-
complex sentences. The sentences must be related to collage life!