EFFECT OF DIVORCE

ON CHILDREN IN
PAKISTAN
BY GROUP 5:
MUHAMMAD AHMED
AMNA
AIMAN GUL
FARHAN AHSAN ALI
GHAZIA TAZEEN
MUHAMMD ABBAS
 INTRODUCTION

 Statement Of Problem: Divorce means the separation of married couple by ending their social contract
which is marriage . Children's are most affected by this situation .they need both father and mother love and
protection but due to divorce they only received exclusive preservations.
► Justification Of Problem :We saw many reasons of divorce like. Physical abbuse, conflict, lack of
commitment ,joint family system ,forced marriages, financially issues etc .
 Objectives Of Study: Separation of parents is a form of injustice that violates right to live with both parents
in house. its needed regrettable to know that such type of issue is proceeding in an unrestrained manner
today. In our research proffering , divorce was first defined. Moreover priority will be laid on the main issue
of this that is effect of divorce on children
 HYPOTHESIS:
1. Divorce of parents form many psychological and social problems for children , which on severely impact on
their growth , socialization and education
2. Divorce among the couple cause many personalities disorder in children .
3. Divorce among parents severely impact on sleep status.
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1. Divorce is the separation of a married couple, which affects children the most.
2. Children may feel their world has been turned upside down when their parents separate.
3. The level of upset varies based on the circumstances of the separation, the child's age, understanding, and support
received.
4. Parents may question whether to stay together for the sake of the children or opt for divorce.
5. The primary effect of divorce is a decline in the parent-child relationship.
6. Divorced parents face challenges in adjusting to their new roles and intrapsychic conflicts.
7. Divorced mothers often experience increased stress and a weakened relationship with their children.
8. Children in divorced families receive less emotional support, financial assistance, and social help.
9. Divorced homes may lack language stimulation, pride, affection, academic and social encouragement, and warmth
towards children.
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

10. Parental divorce leads to worry, exhaustion, and stress, affecting parenting and parental control.
11. Trust between children and parents becomes more challenging after divorce.
12. A decline in the closeness of the parent-child relationship mediates the impact of divorce on the child's
psychological well-being.
13. Children of separated parents tend to leave their families of origin earlier due to low family cohesion and
harmony.
14. Unhappiness in parents' marriage leads to earlier independence in children, such as getting married, cohabiting,
or living on their own.
 REVIEW OF RELATED BOOK

1. Divorce has damaging effects on society, families, and the relationships between children and parents.
2. Divorce leads to the end of emotional support and economic difficulties for previously married couples.
3. The family is a fundamental unit of society, and divorce has unavoidable negative impacts on children and major social
institutions such as family, religion, education, economy, and politics.
4. Children in divorced families receive reduced emotional and economic support.
5. Approximately half of all first marriages end in divorce, and two-thirds of these divorces involve children.
6. Children from divorced families experience ongoing psychological and social challenges.
7. Children of divorced parents show poorer academic performance compared to their peers from intact families, especially
immediately after the divorce.
8. Children who experience divorce at an early age are more likely to come from single-parent families and have a higher
risk of dropping out of school.
9. The research source for these findings is Amato and Cheadle's study "The Long Reach of Divorce: Divorce and Child
Well-being" (2005).
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Physical abuse: Physical abuse can have severe negative effects on children, regardless of whether or not their
parents are divorced.
1. Children who experience physical abuse in the context of divorce may exhibit symptoms of anxiety, depression, and
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
2. Physical abuse can have long-lasting effects on children's physical health, including chronic pain, sleep
disturbances, and increased susceptibility to illness.
3. The presence of physical abuse in a divorce situation can further complicate custody and visitation arrangements,
requiring additional legal and therapeutic interventions to ensure the child's safety
4. Children may blame themselves for the abuse and the divorce, leading to feelings of guilt and low self-esteem.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Infidelity: Divorce can be tough on children, and infidelity can add another layer of complexity. It's important for parents
to take the time to listen to their children's feelings and provide support throughout the process. Divorce resulting from
infidelity can lead to changes in the family structure, including custody arrangements, which can further disrupt children's
lives.Children may struggle with loyalty conflicts, torn between their parents or feeling pressured to take sides in the
aftermath of infidelity and divorce. The emotional distress caused by infidelity and divorce can manifest in children
through symptoms such as depression, anxiety, behavioral issues, and academic difficulties.It is important for parents to
provide emotional support, reassurance, and open communication to help children navigate the complex emotions
associated with infidelity and divorce
 Low patience: Divorce can have an impact on children's patience levels, as it introduces various changes and challenges
that can test their ability to wait or tolerate delays.The stress and uncertainty surrounding divorce can disrupt children's
routines and stability, leading to heightened impatience and frustration. Children may struggle to adapt to new living
arrangements, visitation schedules, or changes in their daily routine, which can trigger impatience and a lack of tolerance
for transitions .The emotional turmoil resulting from divorce, such as feelings of anger, sadness, or confusion, can
contribute to impatience as children may have difficulty regulating their emotions.The absence of one parent due to
custody arrangements can also contribute to impatience, as children may feel a sense of longing or impatience for the
absent parent.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Early marriage: Early marriage, which refers to individuals getting married at a young age, can have significant
implications for children if it leads to divorce.Children born into or raised in an early marriage context may face
increased risk of their parents divorcing due to factors such as immaturity, lack of life experience, and limited
resources.Children may experience emotional and psychological distress as a result of their parents' divorce,
struggling to understand and cope with the complexities of the situation at a young age.Divorce may limit the
resources and support available to children of early marriages, as parents may face financial struggles or have
limited social networks to rely on for assistance.It is crucial for parents, educators, and support systems to provide
these children with emotional support, access to counseling services, and opportunities for educational and
personal development to mitigate the potential negative effects of early marriage and divorce.
 DATA PRESENTATION

Q1:-When parents get divorced, friends ask their children about divorce? Q2:- When your parents get divorced ? Are you facing problems at school?

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This questionnaire shows status of children regarding whether their friends ask them about This questionnaire shows status of children’s facing difficulties in school due to their parental
their parents’ divorce, among them 623 (62.3%) respondents agreed that their friends ask divorce; among them 700 (70%) shared their experience that they face difficulties in school due
about their parents’ divorce and 377 (37.7%) respondents disagreed. It shows that majority ofto their parents’ divorce, while 300 (30%) respondents disagreed. Majority respondents face
respondents face this situation. difficulties while being in school. In schools, children have to face financial issues, relationing
issues, homework, an academic need etc., which is difficult for them without both parent’s
support to cope with.
 DATA PRESENTATION
Q3:- Did parental divorce affect your sleep status?
Figure 1

It shows main reasons of divorce in Pakistan

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experienced sleep disturbance, hence it exhibits effect on their peace of mind and post-divorce
psychological state’s adversity. The sleep is necessary for peace of mind, psychological
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wellbeing, health, physical growth, social activities etc., while sleeplessness cause mental
problems and illnesses.
 DATA PRESENTATION

It shows the graph of percentage of divorce according to the age in Pakistan. Figure 3:- It shows marriage terms(years) in Pakistan.
 DATA PRESENTATION

 Data Analysis:
• The data indicates that younger age groups (20-29 and 30-39) in Pakistan have a higher divorce rate, potentially
due to factors like lack of patience, influence of western culture, and loss of faith in marriage and the family unit.
• Divorce has a significant impact on children, as evidenced by the reported difficulties they face at school and sleep
disturbances.
• Children tend to fare better when they maintain close relationships with both parents, when parents exhibit
psychological well-being and provide competent parenting, when post-divorce conflict is minimal, when
household income is adequate, and when post-divorce life changes are limited.
• Adults who experienced parental divorce as children tend to score lower on measures of well-being, including
socioeconomic attainment, psychological adjustment, and marital quality, suggesting that the effects of divorce can
persist into adulthood.
 SUMMARY

1. Children of divorced parents face numerous challenges in society.

2. The discussion and trauma surrounding their parents' divorce can lead to social isolation.
3. Some children may experience psychological disturbances and have difficulty sleeping.
4. Lack of sleep has physical and psychological effects on children.
5. Academic performance can be negatively impacted, affecting their socialization and personality development.
6. Divorce can have a financial impact, leaving children unable to meet their needs and desires.
 According to Islamic belief, children are born with a natural faith (Fitra), which is Islam.

 Children may struggle with issues such as lack of money, education, identity, and love and affection.

 Studies show that divorce can weaken the parent-child bond and impact children's confidence in daily life.

 Children from divorced families are more likely to have psychiatric and behavioral difficulties compared to those from

intact families.
MAJOR RESULTS & INTERPRETATION

 The majority of children are adversely affected by their parents' divorce.

 Friends may ask children questions about their parents' divorce, which can further
impact them.

 Divorce can have negative effects on children's education, socialization, and

overall growth.

 However, there is no significant impact on the sleep status of children after

parental divorce.
 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

 CONCLUSION:
• Marriage is an established norm in all countries and faiths, and family is a vital institution for human civilization.
• Divorce is an ant concept to Islamic beliefs because of its detrimental effects on nearly all family members, and
Islam love family life and disapproves of its breakup.
• Divorce rate are lifting, and breakup are on the rise, with their negative consequences on the rise as well.
 RECOMMENDATION:
• Individuals, family, society and the state are advised to do all morally, legally, and lawfully feasible to keep family
marriage intact.
• We must provide children a secure sense of self and meet their religious, educational, psychological, and economic
requirements.
• Give children the understanding that divorce is not their fault and make it simple for kids to communicate their
emotions.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY:

 REFERENCES:
1- Amato, P.R. & Afifi, T.D. (2006). Feeling Caught Between Parents: Adult Children’s Relations
with Parents and Subjective Well-Being. Journal of Marriage and Family. 68(1), 222-235.
2- Amato, P.R. & Cheadle, J. (2005). The Long Reach of Divorce: Divorce and Child Well-being
Across Three Generations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(1), 191-206.
3- Amato, P.R. & Sobolewski, J.M. (2001). The Effects of Divorce and Marital Discord on Adult
Children’s Psychological Well-Being. American Sociological Review, 66(6), 900-921.
4- Cherlin, A.J., Lansdale, P.L.C. & McRae, C. (1998) . Effects of Parental Divorce on Mental
Health Throughout the Life Course. American Sociological Review, 63(2):239-249.
5- Grych, J.H. & Fincham, F.D. (1992). Interventions for Children of Divorce: Toward Greater
Integration of Research and Action. Psychological Bulletin, 111(3), 434-454.
6- Jacquet, S.E. & Surra, C.A. (2001). Parental Divorce and Premarital Couples: Commitment and
Other Relationship Characteristics. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(3), 627-638.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY:

 SOURCES:-
https://www.gssrjournal.com/article/Psycho-Social-Effects-of-Parental-Divorce-on-Children-in-Pakistani-
► AUTHORS:
1-Mamoon Khan Khattak
Associate Professor of Social Work & Chairman, Department of Social Work & Sociology, Kohat
University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, KP, Pakistan.
2-Khalid Usman Khan Khattak
Research Scholar, Department of Management Sciences, Gandhara University, Peshawar, KP,Pakistan.
3-Zahra Maqbool
MSc-Sociology, Department of Social Work & Sociology, Kohat University of Science & Technology
(KUST), Kohat, KP, Pakistan.
http://journals.uop.edu.pk/papers/4(7).pdf
Thank You!