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DNA
Profiling
(DNA FINGERPRINT)

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WHAT IS DNA PROFILING?
DNA profiling is the process through
which a person or sample of body
tissue is used to obtain a particular
DNA pattern, or profile. Although
everyone of us is unique, the majority
of our DNA is essentially the same as
D N A f r o m o t h e r i n d i v i d u a l s . H o w e v e r,
people's perceptions of particular
a r e a s d i ff e r g r e a t l y. T h e s e a r e a s a r e
referred to as polymorphic.

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What purposes serve DNA PROFILING
Human DNA profiles can be used
to identify the origin of a DNA
sample at a crime scene or test
for parentage. DNA profiling is
used to: identify the probable
origin of a body fluid sample
associated with a crime or crime
scene. reveal family relationships.

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Who is the Inventor of the DNA Profiling?

Alec Jeffreys makes the

discovery of DNA Profiling  in
1984. These are first heavily
utilized to settle contentious
immigration issues. 1987
Jeffreys and others create
the first DNA profile.

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How to
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In cases where a suspect has

not yet been identified,
biological evidence from the
crime scene can be analysed
and compared to offender
profiles in DNA
databases  to help identify the
perpetrator . Crime scene
evidence can also be linked to
other crime scenes through
the use of DNA databases.
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DNA to
Click PROFILING
edit Mastercan solve
title stylecrimes

• The pattern of the DNA profile is then

compared with those of the victim and the
suspect.
• if the suspect's profile matches, proof
suggesting the suspect is strong attended the
scene of the crime.
• If the suspect's profile doesn't match it
subsequently, that suspect might be excluded
from the question.

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 EXAMPLE
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• A violent murder occurred.

• A sample of blood was taken by
the forensics team from the crime
scene.
• They created the following DNA
profiles for the victim, the suspect,
and the blood samples:

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Was the
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Biological Materials
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• Blood
• Hair
• Saliva
• Semen
• Body Tissue Cells
• Bone
• Teeth
• Feces
• Urine 9 9
Stages
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• Stage 1:
• Cells are breakdown to release
DNA
• If only a small amount of DNA is
available it can be amplified using
the polymerase chain reaction
(PCR)

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• Stage 2:
• The DNA is cut into fragments
using restriction enzymes.
• Each restriction enzymes cuts
DNA at a specific base
sequence.

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PROFILING

• Restrictions fragments are the pieces of

DNA that are removed.
• Because the base sequences being cut
may be far apart (long fragment) or
near together (small fragment), this
results in thousands of restriction
fragments of all different sizes (short
fragment).

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• Stage 3:
• Fragments are separated on the
basis of size using a process
called Gel Electrophoresis.
• DNA fragments are injected into
wells and an electric current is
applied along the gel.

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• A radioactive substance is
included, and when it interacts
with the DNA fragments, it
creates a fluorescent image.
• The DNA bands are
photographed and copied.

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• Stage 4:
• The pattern of fragment
distribution is then
analysed.

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Cases: title style

• Colin Pitchfork was the first

criminal caught based on DNA
fingerprinting evidence
• He was arrested in 1986 for
the rape and murder of two
girls and was sentenced in
1988.
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Questions:

• 1.Dna profiling was developed by?

a.Francis Crick b. Colin Pitch Fork
c. Allec Jeffreys d. James Watsons

2. When was dna profiling created?

a.1984 b.1986
c.1989 d.1990
3. Which of the following enzyme is useful to cut DNA into fragments?
a. Scissor b. Senssor
c. Restriction Enzymes d. Gel Electrophoresis 1717
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• 4. _____is the process by which DNA

fragments get separated on the basis of size.
a. Gel Purification b. Gel electrophoresis
c Restriction Enzymes d.Dna

5 Who was the first criminal caught based on

dna fingerprinting?
a. Colin Pitch Fork b. Tommie Lee
c. Allec Jeffreys d. None of the above

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Members:
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