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Naming Alcohols
3-Phenyl-2-butanol
2-Methyl-2-pentanol Cis-1,4-Cyclohexanediol
Common Names that are accepted by IUPAC
Allyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol (2-Propen-1-ol)
(Phenylmethanol)
Tert-Butyl alcohol
(2-Methyl-2-propanol)
Naming Phenols
Note that -phenol is used as the parent name rather than –benzene.
2,4-Dinitrophenol
Properties of Alcohols & Phenols: Hydrogen Bonding
Like water, they form hydrogen bonds in the liquid state.
Acidity & Basicity
cyclohexanol Bromomagnesiumcyclohexoxide
Phenols are more acidic than alcohols because the phenoxide ion
formed, is resonance-stabilized.
The resonance-stabilized phenoxide ion is more stable
than the alkoxide ion.
Preparation of Alcohols
+ HOMgBr
Formaldehyde
An aldehyde
A ketone
Naming Aldehydes
3-Hexanone 4-Hexen-2-one
2,4-Hexanedione
A few ketones are allowed by IUPAC to retain their common names:
Exercises:
1)
2) Draw Structures corresponding to the following names:
(a) 3-Methylbutanal
(b) 4-Chloro-2-pentanone
(c) Phenylacetaldehyde
(d) 2-(1-Chloroethyl)-5-methylheptanal