Manufacturing Engineering

II
Chapter 1
Difference between
traditional and
Non-traditional
machining process
• The difference between the conventional
(traditional) and the non-conventional
(non-traditional) process is obvious due to
the method used in performing their
operations
 Difference between traditional and non-
traditional machining process
1. Instruments Employed
 A physical tool must always be present in a traditional
machining operation. A cutting tool in a Lathe machine,
for example.
 A physical tool, on the other hand, may not be present in
a non-conventional machining process. In laser machines,
for example, laser beams operate, whereas
electrochemical machining necessitates the use of a
physical tool.
2. Accuracy
 The accuracy and surface quality of conventional
machining is lower, but non-conventional machining is
more accurate and has a better surface finish.
3. Contact between the tool and the work
piece
•The conventional machining method requires
direct contact between the tool and the work
piece, whereas unconventional machining
does not.
4. Waste Materials
• traditional machining processes use tools that have
a shorter lifespan due to increased surface contact
and wear, more likely to waste material. Non-
traditional machining produces less waste material
due to little or no
5. Process of Machining
•A traditional machining method usually entails modifying the contour
of a workpiece. TP (traditional processes ) to machine hard metals and
alloys requires more time and energy, resulting in higher costs.
Conventional machining may not be possible in some instances.
6. Source of Energy
•The term “conventional machining” refers to a method that employs
mechanical energy. Thermal, chemical, and electrical energy are the
three basic types of energy employed in non-conventional machining.
Examples
•Turning, boring, milling, shaping, broaching, slotting, grinding, and
other traditional machining processes are examples.
•Non-conventional machining technologies include Abrasive Jet
Machining (AJM), Ultrasonic Machining (USM), Water Jet and
Abrasive Water Jet Machining (WJM and AWJM), and Electro-
discharge Machining (EDM).
 Conventional Machining Process
CMP is one in which the machining is done using
the traditional way, that is, without the use of any
sophisticated methods. As a result, this
machining method is also known as traditional
machining.
Machining is a metal removing process. It
removes a material & decreases the
material mass hence this is a subtractive
process.
CMP with various operations, their
applications vary most commonly used
include
1)Knurling, turning, facing, screw cutting,
taper operations on lathe machine
2)Surface smoothing on milling
3)Drilling holes in a workpiece using a drill
machine
4)Surfacing, internal and external keyway on
a shaper machine.
 Different constructional features. However, the
following are the basic elements of conventional
machines

• Work holding device

• Tool holding device
• Work motion mechanism
• Tool motion mechanism
• Support structure
Types of traditional machining
processes and their operations
I. CENTER LATHE
 CENTER LATHE
• It is one of the most fundamental and device,
used practically in all the manufacturing shops.
• The principal form of surface produced in the
lathe is the cylindrical surface. It is achieved by
rotating the work-piece, while single-point
cutting tool removes the material by traversing
in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation.
 Following are the seven different
types of lathe machine:
1) Speed Lathe Machine
2) Engine Lathe Machine
3) Bench Lathe Machine
4) Toolroom Lathe Machine
5) Capstan and Turret Lathe Machine
6) Special-purpose lathe machines
7) Automatic Lathe Machine
8) CNC lathe machine
There area number of factors that should be specified to
fully describes ala the machine. The yare:
• Distance between centers-specifies the maximum length
of the job that can be turned.
• Swing over the bed-specifies the maximum diameter of
the job that can be turned.
• Swing over the cross-slide–spec fist he maximum
diameter of the job that can be turn with the job across
the cross-slide.
• Horse Power of motor.
• Cutting speed range
• Feed range.
• Screw cutting capacity
• Spindle nose diameter and hole size
following are the types of operation
spar for med of centre lathe
TURNING
FACING-
DRILLING
PARTING OPERATION-
KNURLING OPERATION
BORING
Advantages Of The Conventional
Machining Process
•Below are the benefits of a traditional
machining process in its various applications.
•Different materials can be machined
•Equipment can be easily setup
•Less capital cost
•The basic method of machining
 Disadvantages conventional
machining process
• Despite the advantages of the traditional
machining process, some limitation still occurs.
Below are the disadvantages of the conventional
machining processes in their various applications.
• Less surface finish is produced
• Complex shapes cannot be machined
• Tool wear frequently occur
• Low dimensional accuracy
• Noisy operations result in sound pollution
• Lubrication is necessary.
 Milling machines are generally specified
based on the following features
 Size of the table, which specifies the actual
working area on the table and relates to the
maximum size of the work-piece that can beaccom
modated.
•Amount of table travel which gives the maximum
axis movement that is possible.
•Horse power of the spindle, which actually
specifies the power of the spindle motor used.
Smaller machines may come with 1 to 3 hp while
the production machines may go from10 to 50 hp.
• UNCONVENTIONAL
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
• Unconventional manufacturing processes is
defined as a group of processes that remove
excess material by various techniques
involving mechanical, thermal, electrical or
chemical energy or combinations of these
energiesbutdonotuseasharpcuttingtoolsasitn
eedstobeusedfortraditionalmanufacturingpr
ocesses.
 thanks!
Any questions?