What is food

security and why

is it difficult to
attain?
POVERTY IS THE ROOT CAUSE OF FOOD INSECURITY

Food Security
-condition under which people have
access enough safe and nutritious
food for a healthy and active
lifestyle.
Food Insecurity
- These people live with chronic
hunger and poor nutrition that
threaten their ability to lead healthy
and active lifestyles.
CHRONIC HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION

Macronutrients
-carbohydrates, protein, and fats.
CHRONIC HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION

Micronutrients
-vitamins (A, B, C and E)
-minerals (iron, iodine and calcium)
CHRONIC HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION

Chronic malnutrition
- A condition in which they do not get enough
protein and other key nutrients, that weakens
them, make them vulnerable to disease and
hinder the normal physical and mental
development of children.
CHRONIC HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION

Chronic under-nutrition
-People who cannot grow or buy enough food
to meet their basic energy needs suffer from
hunger which threatens their ability to lead
healthy and productive lives.
 Anemia
-having little too iron (Fe) in the blood is
a condition.
-it causes fatigue, makes infection more
likely, and increases a woman’s chances
of dying from hemorrhage in childbirth.
Chronic lack of Iodine
-the chemical element iodine (I) is essential for proper
functioning of the thyroid gland, which produces
hormones that control the body’s rate of metabolism.
-can cause stunted growth, mental retardation and
goiter; a severly swollen thyroid gland that can lead to
deafness.
HEALTH PROBLEMS FROM TOO MUCH FOOD

Over-nutrition
- occurs when food energy intake
exceeds energy use and causes
excess body fat.
In a ¼ sheet of paper:
Explain why
POVERTY is the root
cause of food
insecurity.
How is Food
Produced?
FOOD PRODUCTION HAS INCREASE DRAMATICALLY

3 Systems that supplies

world’s food
1. Croplands
2. Rangelands, pastures and feedlots
3. Fisheries and aquaculture
FOOD PRODUCTION HAS INCREASE DRAMATICALLY

3 Major Technological
Advances
1. Development of irrigation
FOOD PRODUCTION HAS INCREASE DRAMATICALLY

3 Major Technological
Advances
2. Synthetic fertilizers
FOOD PRODUCTION HAS INCREASE DRAMATICALLY

3 Major Technological
Advances
3. Synthetic pesticides
INDUSTRIALIZED AGRICULTURE

2 Major types of
Agriculture
1. Industrialized Agriculture (High-input
agriculture)
- uses motorized equipment that
produces a single crop at a time on a
plot of land (monoculture)
TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE

2 Major types of
Agriculture
2. Traditional Subsistence Agriculture
- Combine energy from the sun with the
labor of humans and draft animals to
produce enough crops
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

Organic Agriculture
- Crops are grown without the use of
synthetic pesticides, synthetic
inorganic fertilizers and genetically
engineered varieties.
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

Organic Agriculture
“organic”
- 95% organic ingredients
“made with organic ingredients”
- 70% organic ingredients
GREEN REVOLUTIONS HAVE INCREASED YIELDS

Green Revolution
- Increase in global grain production has
been the result of increasing crop yields
through industrialization
GREEN REVOLUTIONS HAVE INCREASED YIELDS

Green Revolution
Develop and Increase the
Produce high
plant number of
yields
monocultures crops
GREEN REVOLUTIONS: Crossbreeding and Genetic Engineering

Crossbreeding
(through artificial selection)
- to develop genetically improved
varieties of crops and livestock
MEAT CONSUMPTION HAS GROWN

-Sources of high-
quality protein
-2nd major food
producing system
MEAT CONSUMPTION HAS GROWN

- CAFOs (Concentrated
Animal Feeding
Operations)
- Factory Farms
FISH AND SHELLFISH PRODUCTION HAS RISEN

Fishery
- concentration of
particular aquatic
species suitable for
commercial harvesting
in a given ocean area or
inland body of water
FISH AND SHELLFISH PRODUCTION HAS RISEN

Aquaculture
(fish farming)
-raising fish in a fish pond, lakes, reservoirs, rice
paddies, and underwater cages in coastal and
deeper ocean waters
- world’s fastest type of production
 What are the
environmental effects of
industrialized food
production?
Topsoil Erosion Is a Serious Problem

Topsoil
-is the fertile layer of many soils
-one of the most important components of the
earth’s natural capital because all terrestrial life
depends directly or indirectly on this potentially
renewable resource.
Topsoil Erosion Is a Serious Problem

Soil Erosion
- a major environmental problem related to
agriculture.
- the movement of soil components, especially
surface litter and topsoil from one place to
another by the actions of wind and water.
 EROSION TOPSOIL
HAS
THREE MAJOR
HARMFUL EFFECTS.
Topsoil Erosion Is a Serious Problem

Loss of soil fertility

- this happens, through depletion
of plant nutrients in topsoil.
Topsoil Erosion Is a Serious Problem

Water pollution
- in surface waters where eroded
topsoil ends up as sediment, which
can kill fish and shellfish and clog
irrigation ditches, boat channels,
reservoirs, and lakes.
Topsoil Erosion Is a Serious Problem

Soil pollution
- the chemicals emitted into the
atmosphere by industrial and
power plants and by motor vehicles
can pollute soil and water used to
irrigate soil.
Topsoil Erosion Is a Serious Problem

Soil pollution
- the chemicals emitted into the
atmosphere by industrial and
power plants and by motor vehicles
can pollute soil and water used to
irrigate soil.
 Describe
Industrialized
Agriculture