LOCOMOTIVE WORKSHOP CHARBAGH LUCKNOW ,

LUCKNOW UTTAR PRADESH

POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM USED IN MEMO/EMU

SAFE OHE OPERATION PROCEDURE USED IN RAILWAY

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Avantika patel Er. Wazid ali
Roll no.:190013095008 er. Pavan kr. singh
Course: B.TECH 4TH YEAR(EE)
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Declaration
Acknowledgement
Introduction
Classification
Power transmission system
Pantograph
Vacuum circuit breaker Working & Principle
Applications
Over head equipment
OHE layout plan
Over line structure
OHE at a turner
Advantage & Disadvantage
 Introduction

 A railway electrification system supplies electric

power to railway trains and trams without an
on-board prime mover or local fuel supply.
Electric railways use either electric locomotives
(hauling passengers or freight in separate cars),
electric multiple units (passenger cars with their
own motors) or both.
 Different regions may use different supply
voltages and frequencies, complicating through
service and requiring greater complexity of
locomotive power.
 Railway electrification has constantly increased
in the past decades, and as of 2012, electrified
tracks account for nearly one-third of total
tracks globally.
 Classification

Electrification systems are classified by various type parameters:

 Voltage
 Current
 Direct current (DC)
 Alternating current (AC)
 Frequency
 Contact system:
 Overhead lines (catenary)
 Third rail
 Fourth rail
 Ground-level power supply
 Power transmission
system
 Transmission is a speed reducing mechanism,
equipped with several gears (Fig. 1). It may be
called a sequence of gears and shafts, through which
the engine power is transmitted to the tractor wheels.
 Function of power transmission system:
 (1) to transmit power from the engine to the rear
wheels of the tractor, (ii) to make reduced speed
available, to rear wheels of the tractor, (ii) to alter
the ratio of wheel speed and engine speed in order to
suit the field conditions and (iv) to transmit power
through right angle drive, because the crankshaft and
rear axle are normally at right angles to each other.
 The power transmission system consists of:
(a) Clutch (b) Transmission gears (c) Differential
(d) Final drive (e) Rear axle (f) Rear wheels.
Combination of all these components is responsible for
transmission of power.
 Pantograph

 A pantograph (or "pan" or "panto") is an apparatus mounted on the roof of an

electric train, tram or electric bus[1] to collect power through contact with an
overhead line. By contrast, battery electric buses and trains are charged at
charging stations.
 The familiar diamond-shaped roller pantograph was devised and patented by John
Q. Brown of the Key System shops for their commuter trains which ran between
San Francisco and the East Bay section of the San Francisco Bay Area in
California.
 The pantograph was an improvement on the trolley pole, which prevailed up to
that time, primarily because the pantograph allows an electric-rail vehicle to travel
at much higher speeds without losing contact with the overhead lines.
 Vacuum circuit breaker Working & Principle

 The sectional view of a vacuum circuit breaker is shown in the figure below when the
contacts are separated due to some abnormal conditions, an arc is struck between the
contacts, the arc is produced due to ionization of metal ions and depends very much on
the material of contacts.
 The arc interruption in vacuum interrupters is different from other types of circuit
breakers. The separation of contacts causes the release of vapor which is filled in the
contact space. It consists of positive ions liberated from the contact material.
 When the current to be interrupted is very small in a vacuum, the arc has several parallel
paths. The total current is divided into many parallel arcs that repel each other and
spread over the contact surface.
 At high values of current, the arc gets concentrated in a small region. It causes rapid
vaporization of the contact surface.
 Applications

 The vacuum circuit breaker is today recognized as the most reliable current interruption
technology for medium voltage switchgear. It requires minimum maintenance compared to
other circuit breaker technologies.

 The technology is mainly suitable for mainly medium voltage applications. For higher
voltage vacuum technology has been developed, but it is not commercially feasible.
Vacuum circuit breakers are used in metal-clad Switchgear and also in porcelain housed
circuit breakers.
 OHE layout plan

 This pegging plan is further completed in stages as the construction work proceeds.
Finally when the construction work is over, the final plan, called the OHE layout
plan contains the details of run of conductors, showing both ‘in run’ and ‘out of run’
contact wires, setting distance of each structure and its type, the type of portal and
span of its boom, the staggers of the contact wire and any other special features
which may be required to be given such as reference to a profile drawing for passage
of OHE below an overline structure. There is usually a time gap between preparation
of pegging plan which indicates the milestone of conclusion of the survey, and the
OHE layout plan, prepared during construction by the contractor, who commences
the work after further verifying the pegging plan. On completion of the work the
contractor finishes the OHE layout plan.

 “As completed” plan for handing over to the maintenance organization .

 Over line structure

 The headroom available under an over

line structure is an important parameter,
the design of OHE under it being
governed by this parameter. It is
necessary to mark the track level on the
adjacent support column with yellow
paint and use this reference mark to
measure the headroom. This reference
point is essential to be made permanent,
since alteration to the level by permanent
way gang subsequent to survey may
radically affect the solutions to provide
adequate electrical clearance which are
found after a detailed study subsequent to
field survey.
 OHE at a turnout

 On main running lines the OHE of the turnout should have overlap type of equipments. On
secondary lines this may be crossed type to reduce the cost. The turnout OHE taking off
from the main line should be regulated and have both, the contact wire and the Catenary. The
OHE for a secondary line taking off from a loop line may be either unregulated or tramway
type. Three backet assemblies at a turnout structure should be avoided as adjustments to the
OHE are difficult. As mentioned in paragraph 2.5.2.3 above, in this effort overlap
multicantilever OHE supports should be suitably located away from turnout structures.
 Advantage & Disadvantage

 Advantages of VCB:
 Vacuum offers the utmost insulating strength. So it has extremely superior arc quenching
properties than any other medium.
 The vacuum circuit breaker has a long life.
 Unlike Oil Circuit Breaker (OCB) or air blast Circuit Breaker (ABCB), the explosion of VCB is
avoided. This enhances the safety of the operating personnel.
 No fire hazard
 Vacuum circuit breakers are almost maintenance-free.

 Disadvantages of VCB:
 The main disadvantage of VCB is that it is uneconomical at voltages exceeding 38 kV.
 • The cost of the breaker becomes excessive at higher voltages.
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