FEMALE

REPRODUCTIVE Desika. T
2021031018
 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM(FRS)

• FRS IS LOCATED IN THE POSTERIOR PART OF THE ABDOMEN. THE

MAIN FUNCTION OF FRS IS EGG PRODUCTION AND STORAGE OF
MALE’S SPERMATOZOA UNTIL THE EGG ARE READY TO BE
FERTILIZED.
• FRS CONSIST OF PAIRED GONADS CALLED OVARIES AND IS
CONNECTED TO THE BURSA COPULATRIX BY A SERIES OF TUBES
LIKE LATERAL OVIDUCTS, MEDIAN OVIDUCTS AND SPERMATHECA.
• BURSA COPULATRIX SERVES AS A
COPULATORY POUCH DURING
MATING.
• ITS EXTERNAL OPENING IS VAGINA.
• WHICH RECEIVES THE PENIS DURING
COPULATION.
• THERE IS ALSO VARIETY OF
ACCESSORY GLANDS PRESENT.
 OVARIES:

• THEY ARE BILATERALLY LOCATED MESODERMAL ORGANS

THAT PRODUCE EGGS
• THEY COMPOSED OF A NUMBER OF FUNCTIONAL UNITS
CALLED OVARIOLES, WHICH ARE OF EPITHELIAL CELLS.
• THE NUMBER OF OVARIOLES PER OVARY VARIES FROM
ONE TO 2000.
• EACH OVARIOLE CONSISTS OF A TERMINAL FILAMENT, A
GERMARIUM ( IN WHICH MITOSIS GIVES RISE TO PRIMARY
OOCYTES), A VITELLARIUM ( IN WHICH, OOCYTES GROW BY
DEPOSITION OF YOLK, VITELLOGENESIS) AND A PEDICEL.
• THREE TYPES OF OVARIOLE BASED ON THE
MANNER IN WHICH THE OOCYTES ARE
NOURISHED OR METHOD BY WHICH YOLK
DEPOSITION OCCURS.
• POLYTROPIC OVARIOLE
• TELOTROPHIC OVARIOLE
• PANIOSTIC OVARIOLE
 THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF OVARIOLE:

POLYTROPHIC OVARIOLE:
• IT HAS NUTRITIVE CELLS CALLED NURSE OR
TROPHOCYTES WITH EACH DEVELOPING OOCYTES.
• NUTRITIVE CELLS ARE WITHIN THE FOLLICULAR
EPITHELIUM AND SURROUND EACH OOCYTE.
• THESE TYPES OF OVARIOLES ARE SEEN IN NEUROPTERA,
LEPIDOPTERA, DIPTERA AND HYMENOPTERA.
TELOTROPIC OVARIOLE:

• THE TROPHOCYTES ARE CONFINED TO THE GERMARIUM AND

NOT DIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH EACH DEVELOPING OOCYTES.
• THEY ARE CONNECTED TO THE OOCYTES BY CYTOPLASMIC
STRANDS(NUTRITIVE CORD) AS THE OOCYTES MOVE DOWN THE
OVARIOLE.
• EXAMPLE:HEMIPTERA
PANIOSTIC OVARIOLE:

• NO NUTRITIVE CELLS ARE FOUND, HOWEVER, EACH OOCYTES IS

SURROUNDED BY FOLLICULAR EPITHELIUM.
• THE NUCLEUS OF THE OOCYTES ITSELF PRODUCES ALL NUTRITION IN
THE EGG.
• IT ALSO OBTAINS NUTRIENTS FROM THE HAEMOLYMPH VIA THE
FOLLICULAR EPITHELIUM.
• EXAMPLE:COCKROACH, APTERTGOTES, ODONATA, AND ORTHOPTERA.
TWO TYPES OF ECTODERMAL GLANDS OPEN INTO
THE GENITAL CHAMBER:

SPERMATHECA:
• SPERMATHECA, WHICH STORES SPERMATOZOA UNTIL THEY ARE
NEEDED FOR EGG FERTILIZATION.
• THE SPERMATHECA IS A SINGLE SAC-LIKE STRUCTURE WITH A
SLENDER DUCT, AND OFTEN HAS A DIVERTICULA THAT FORMS A
TUBULAR SPERMATHECAL GLAND.
ACCESSORY GLANDS:

• THE SECOND TYPE OF ECTODERMAL GLANDS ARE COLLECTIVELY

KNOWN AS ACCESSORY GLANDS.
• THERE ARE ONE OR TWO PAIRS USUALLY OPEN INTO BURSA
COPULATRIX.
• THEY ARE ALSO CALLED AS COLLATERAL OR CEMENT GLANDS
• EXAMPLE:EGG CASE PRODUCTION IN MANTIS,OOTHECA
FORMATION IN COCKROACH, VENOM PRODUCTION IN BEES.
 TYPES OF REPRODUCTION:

OVIPARITY:
• MOST OF THE FEMALE INSECT ARE
OVIPAROUS.
• EGGS ARE FERTILIZED WITH IN THE
BODY OF THE FEMALE AND DEPOSITED
OUTSIDE
• EXAMPLE: HEADLOUSE, BUTTERFLIES
AND MOTHS.
 VIVIPARITY:

• UNLIKE OVIPAROUS, INITIATIONS OF EGG

DEVELOPMENT TAKES PLACE WITHIN THE
MOTHER.
• THE LIFE CYCLE IS SHORTENED BY RETENTION
OF EGGS AND EVEN DEVELOPING YOUNG
ONES WITHIN THE MOTHER.
 THERE ARE FOUR MAIN TYPES OF VIVIPARITY:
• OVO-VIVIPARITY
• PSEUDO-PLACENTRAL
VIVIPARITY
• HAEMOCOELOUS
VIVIPARITY
• ADENOTROPHIC VIVIPARITY
 PARTHENOGENESIS:
• IT IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
EGG WITHOUT FERTILIZATION.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
PARTHENOGENESIS:
• BASED ON OCCURRENCE
• BASES ON SEX PRODUCED
• BASED ON MEIOSIS
POLYEMBRYONY:
• ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
INVOLVES THE PRODUCTION OF
TWO OR MORE EMBRYOS FROM
ONE EGG BY SUBDIVISION.
• MOSTLY OBSERVED IN
PARASITIC INSECT.
• EXAMPLE: PLATYGASTER.
 PAEDOGENESIS:
• THE MODE OF REPRODUCTION BY THE
IMMATURE FORMS BEFORE ATTAINING
THE ADULT STAGE.
• THE TYPE OF REPRODUCTION IS
PARTHENOGENESIS.
• EXAMPLE: GALL MIDGES;PUPAL
PAEDOGENESIS– EG MIASTER SP.
Thank you