Hess’s Law

thermochemical equations can be combined

algebraically to determine enthalpy changes for a
different chemical reaction
Example 1
C(s) + O2 (g) ==> CO2(g) + 393 kJ
CO2(g) + 283 kJ ==> 1/2 O2(g) + CO(g)
-1/2 O2 and CO2(g) produces this
C(s) + 1/2 O2(g) ==> CO(g) + 110kJ
 Example 2
#1 2H2O(g) + 483.2 kJ ==> 2H2(g) + O2(g)
#2 H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) ==> H2O(l) +285.5 kJ
H2O(l) +285.5 kJ ==> H2(g) + 1/2O2(g)flipped 2
H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) ==> H2O(g) + 241.6kJ flipped 1, /2

H2O(l) + 43.9 kJ ==> H2O(g) final answer

Given the above 2 equations complete the thermo-
chemical equation for: #3 H2O(l) ==> H2O(g)
Step 12 --recognize
recognizeH H22O(g)
O(l) is a product
reactant in
(on the left)3
equation
in
andequation
in equation3. Notice
1 it is ait reactant
is found and
in equation
there are2 as a
product
2H2O(g) so so flip
flip equation
equation 2. 1 and divide it by 2.
 Example 3
o
#1 S(s) + O2(g) ==> SO2(g) H = - 295.8 kJ
o
#2 S(s) + 3/2 O2(g) ==> SO3(g) H = - 394.8 kJ
SO2(g) + 295.8 kJ ==> S(s) + O2(g) flipped 1
S(s) + 3/2 O2(g) ==> SO3(g) + 394.8 kJ unchanged
SO2 (g) + 1/2 O2(g) ==>SO3(g) + 99 kJ final answer
Given the above 2 equations complete the thermo
chemical equation for: #3 SO2(g) +1/2 O2(g) =>SO3(g)
Step 21 -recognize that SO32 (g) is a product
reactant inin
equation 3 sobutleave
a product
#2 alone
in equation
but place1.theFlip
quantity
Step 3 -subtract 295.8 kJ from each side.
equation
of heat inside
1 andit.write the quantity of heat inside the
equation.