Session: 2023-24

Physics Project

Submitted By Submitted By
Charu kushwah Mr. Satish Kashyap
XII B
 Certificate
This is to certify that “Charu Kushwah”
student of class 12th B has successfully
completed their physics project on ”To
study the phenomenon of total internal
reflection and it’s application” under the
guidance of “”

Mr. Vishal Kashyap

 Content
• Introduction
• principal of Total internal
reflection
• Condition for Total internal
reflection
• Applications of Total Internal
Reflection
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
 Acknowledgment
I would like to express my special thanks
of gratitude to my teacher Mr. Vishal
Kashyap, who gave me this opportunity
to do this wonderful project on To study
the phenomenon of total internal
reflection and its application, who has
helped me in completing my project. I
came to know about many new things I
am really thankful to them
Charu Kushwah
XII A
 Introduction

• Total internal reflection is a fascinating

optical phenomenon that occurs when
light travels from a medium with a
higher refractive index to one with a
lower refractive index.
• This phenomenon has significant
applications in various fields such as
fiber optics, microscopy, and
telecommunications.
 Principle of TIR
• The principle of total internal reflection is
based on the idea that when light travels
from a denser medium to a less dense
medium, it bends away from the normal.
• As the angle of incidence increases, there
comes a point where the refracted angle
becomes 90 degrees. This angle is known
as the critical angle.
• Beyond the critical angle, all light is
reflected back into the denser medium.
 Condition for TIR

• Light must travel from denser medium

to rarer medium.
• The angle of incidence must be greater
than the critical angle
 Applications
• Fiber Optics
• Periscopes
• Diamond
• Mirage
 Fiber optics
• Telecommunications
-> signals are not affected by
electrical storms
-> More signals can be carried with less
energy
-> the cables are smaller and lighter
• Endoscopes
-> One bundle carry light into
the required area, while another
bundle carries an image of the are
back to a monitor.
 Periscopes
• Optical instrument that uses a prism, lens or mirror system
to reflect images through a tube. The light hits another
mirror at the bottom of the periscope and is then mirrored in
the viewer's eye.

• based on the Laws of Reflection, which says that the light

from the object falls on a mirror at an angle of 45 degrees
from the surface and is mirrored. The mirrored light then
falls on another mirror and is mirrored again until it enters
the human eye.
 Diamond
• The shine of the diamond is due to the phenomenon
of total internal reflection. Because of the lower
diamond and air interface, the beam of lights entering
into the diamond remains inside the diamond and
suffers multiple internal reflections.

• The cut of the diamond is made in such a way that the

light that once entered the diamond remains in it and
comes out from the top after suffering multiple
reflections.
 Mirage
• Mirage is an optical illusion concept that is based on
total internal reflection. According to this
phenomenon, the air that is present near the ground
gets hotter.
• Hot air has a small refractive index and is less dense.
Thus, with the increase in height, the optical density
also increases. When a beam of light passes through a
longer object, the light bends away from the normal
and undergoes total internal reflection.
 Bibliography

• www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.scribd.com
• NCERT Book