CEMENT INDUSTRY

Presented to: Dr. Bushra Nisar

Presented by: Pakeeza Iqbal
Contents
 Introduction
 History
 Raw material for cement production
 Cement production process
 Types of cement
 Environmental impact
 Future of cement
Introduction
The cement industry is an essential component of the construction sector, providing
the building blocks for infrastructure and buildings around the world. Cement is a
versatile material that can be used in a variety of applications, from concrete to
mortar to grout. In this presentation, we will explore the history of cement, the
production process, the different types of cement, the industry's environmental
impact, and its future potential.
History of Cement
Cement has been used in construction for thousands of years, with
the ancient Egyptians and Greeks using a form of cement made from
crushed limestone and clay. However, it wasn't until the 19th
century that Portland cement, the most common type of cement used
today, was developed.
Since then, cement production has become a global industry, with
countries around the world producing and consuming vast
quantities of cement each year.
Raw Materials for Cement Production
The production of cement begins with the raw materials, which include
limestone, clay, and gypsum. Limestone is the primary ingredient,
providing the calcium necessary for the chemical reaction that produces
cement. Clay and gypsum are added to provide additional minerals and
control the setting time of the cement.
These raw materials are extracted from quarries and mines, then
transported to the cement plant where they are crushed and blended
together. The resulting mixture, called raw material .
Cement Production Process
The cement production process begins with the extraction of raw
materials, such as limestone and clay, which are then crushed and
ground into a fine powder. This powder is then heated in a kiln to create
clinker, which is then ground into a fine powder again to create cement.
The production process requires significant amounts of energy and
produces carbon dioxide emissions, making it important for the
industry to focus on sustainable practices and reducing its
environmental impact.
DRY PROCESS
When the available raw materials are quite hard, then this process is
used. The cement by this process can be prepared by using the following
operations:-
Mixing of raw materials
• Mixing
• Drying
• Reduction of size
• Mixing in correct proportion
Burning and Grinding
WET PROCESS
Raw materials are crushed, powdered and stored in silos. The clay is
washed with water in wash mills to remove adhering organic matter. The
washed clay is stored separately. Powdered lime stone and wet clay are
allowed to flow in channel and transfer to grinding mills where they are
intimately mixed and paste is formed
known as slurry. Grinding may be done either in ball mill or tube mill or
both. Then slurry is led to correcting basin where chemical composition
may be adjusted. The slurry contains 38-40% water stored in storage tank.
Types of Cement

There are several different types of cement, each with its own unique
properties and uses.

Portland Cement

Low Heat Cement

Rapid hardening Cement

Sulfate resistance Cement

Environmental Impact
The cement industry has a significant environmental impact,
producing large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions and consuming
vast quantities of energy. However, the industry is also taking steps to
reduce its environmental impact, such as using alternative fuels and
investing in renewable energy sources.
It is important for the industry to continue focusing on sustainability
and reducing its environmental impact, both for the sake of the planet
and the long-term viability of the industry itself.
Future of Cement
The future of the cement industry looks bright, with new
technologies and innovations promising to make cement
production more efficient and sustainable. For example,
researchers are exploring the use of carbon capture technology to
reduce emissions, while others are developing new types of
cement that require less energy to produce.
As the world's population continues to grow and urbanization
increases, the demand for cement is only going to increase.
However, with a focus on sustainability and innovation, the
industry is well-positioned to meet this demand while also
protecting the planet for future generations.