A

PRESENTATION
ON
UNIT – 4 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY KOTA
SUBMITED TO
DR. O.S. PRAJAPATI
SUBMITTED BY
• Meharvan Singh (20/452 )
• Mohammed Imamuddin (20/452 )
• Mohd Shahzma Ansari (20/454)
• Mudit Jain (20/455)
• Naresh Choudhary (20/456)
• Nirmal Suman (20/457 )
• Nitesh Suman (20/458)
• Nitin Kumar (20/459)
• Pankaj Maheshwari (20/460)
• Parth Srivastava (20/461)
• Priyanshu Mathur (20/463)
• Rohit Kumar Meena (20/466)
• Sachin Yogi (20/467)
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTON
• MAIN PARTS
• WORKDONE AND VELOCITY TRIANGLES
• SLIP AND SLIP COEFFICIENT
• PUMP LOSSES
• EFFICIENCIES
• MINIMUM STARTING SPEED
• NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD
• PERFORMANCE CURVE
INTRODUCTION

• A power absorbing turbomachine.

• used for raising liquids from lower to
higher level.
• Converts mechanical energy to pressure
energy by means of centrifugal action.
• Works on the principle of forced vortex.
MAIN PARTS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
• IMPELLER
• CASING
• SUCTION PIPE
• SUMP
• FOOT VALVE
• STRAINER
• DELIVERY PIPE
• DELIVERY VALVE
VELOCITY TRIANGLE
WORKDONE BY CENTIFUGAL PUMP
• The work done by the centrifugal pump on the liquid
is caused by the action of centrifugal force. Work
done for centrifugal pump is given as:
W.D.

• Since the water enters the impeller radially

therefore the velocity of whirl at inlet equal to zero
(Vw1 = 0). The work done per unit weight of fluid is
given as:
W.D.
CONTINUE….

where,
W = work done per unit weight of water per sec.
Vw2 = whirl component of absolute vel. of jet at outlet.
U2 = tangential vel. of impeller at outlet
Vw1 = whirl component of absolute vel. of jet at inlet
U₁ = tangential vel. of impeller at inlet.
SLIP AND SLIP COEFFICIENT
• SLIP --- Uneven pressure and velocity
distribution leads to reduction of tangential
component of velocity.
• SLIP COEFFICIENT --- Ratio of ideal head (Hi)
with slip to the Euler’s head (He) without slip.

µ=
PUMP LOSSES

1. Mechanical friction power loss (Pm) - due to the friction be tween the fixed
and the rotating parts in the bearing and the stuffing boxes.

2. Disc friction power loss (Pd) – It is caused by an energy or head loss hi in the
impeller due to disc friction, flow separation and shock at the impeller entry.
The now rate through the impeller is Qi. so the impeller power loss is
expressed as:
Pd = ρgQi hi
CONTINUE…

3. Leakage and recirculation power loss (Pl) - The pressure difference between
the impeller eye and tip can cause a recirculation of a small volume of fluid
q, thus reducing the flow rate at the outlet to Q. Then the
Pl = ρgH iq
4. Casing power loss - If h e is the head loss in the fluid between the impeller
outlet and the pump outlet flange and the flow rate is Q, then P c may be
defined as:
EFFICIENCIES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

• Manometric efficiency --- Ratio of manometric head to

ideal head imparted by impeller.

• Mechanical efficiency --- Ratio of energy transferred

by impeller to the mechanical energy delivered to
pump at shaft.
EFFICIENCIES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

• Volumetric efficiency --- Ratio of amount of fluid

delivered by the delivery pipe to the amount of fluid
entering the impeller through suction pipe.

• Overall efficiency --- Product of hydraulic, volumetric

and manometric efficiencies.
MINIMUM STARTING SPEED
• When the pressure rise in the impeller is more
than or equal to manometric head then the
centrifugal pump start to deliver water.

Centrifugal head = Manometric head

=

Nmin =
NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD
• Head required at pump inlet to keep the local
pressure everywhere inside the pump above
water vapour.
• Difference between pump’s suction stagnation
pressure head and vapour pressure head.

NPSH =
PERFORMANCE CURVES
EFFICIENCIES, POWER, HEAD
EFFICIENCY
HEAD
OUTPUT POWER
INPUT POWER

DISCHARGE