socio-economic growth. Demand for efficient transport has increased with expansion in population, agriculture and industry. There are four major means of transport in Pakistan ; rail, road, air and water Pakistan Railways Pakistan railways is comprised of 7,791 route-kilometres. There are 625 stations in the network. It stretches from Karachi to Peshawar. Northern Pakistan few rail networks. There is a dense network in Punjab. Sparse network in Balochistan; only one line in west of the province. There are two lines in central KPK. Moderate network in Sindh. Recent Developments New services on different routes. Constructing a track to Gwadar linked to the port. Computerised ticketing system. One window ticketing system. Dual tracks. More electrification. Karakoram Express, Shalimar Express, Magno Train New routes and more lines developed. Air-conditioned coaches Public address system. More spacious coaches with more seats / berths. Greater safety. More privatization – provides more comfortable coaches. Establishments of Repair workshops Construction of Karachi Circular Railway. Governments efforts for Improvements To encourage more people to use railways. The network needed improving as it was outdated. To carry more passengers i.e large amount of people on one journey. To enhance the transport of goods within the country (like transporting raw material to secondary industry for processing) To improve trade links in order to connect more industrial areas and connect dry port to sea port. To connect remote areas to developed areas including market. To assist business, economic growth and income for government. More environmentally friendly To be able to travel longer distances. Faster than road. Cheaper than air travel. Better security , safer than roads. Provides opportunities for tourism. Benefits of rail transport for people and goods. Fast / efficient; Can move bulky goods and a lot of people. Cheaper. More suitable for long distances. Cost effective / economical. No traffic jams. Less air pollution Dry Ports It is an inland terminal connected to a seaport by road or rail. Operates as a centre for the transhipment of sea cargo to inland destinations. An inland area gets connected to the sea. Dry Ports in Use Faisalabad. Sialkot Dry Port in Sambrial Gilgit Hyderabad, Karachi / Kemari Islamabad, Rawalpindi. Lahore, Larkana , Multan, Mughal Pura. Peshawar Quetta Benefits of Dry Ports Can be used to relieve a major seaport of workload and congestion i.e Karachi / Port Qasim. Provides facilities; like container yards, warehouses, railway sidings, cargo-handling equipment, administrative services for export or import purposes i.e everything is in one place. Speeds up , saves time , more convenient for businesses as they do not have to transport their goods all the way to the sea port. Efficient managerial staff; saves time and money and paperwork gets completed quickly , smooth collection of revenue for government Refrigeration facilities provided; for perishable items, e.g. fruit and vegetables . Employment opportunities provided / warehousing / customs Allows trade away from sea port also allows all regions to be productive, encourages foreign trade in each region Saves money for exporters; makes more profit Dry Ports
It is an inland terminal connected to a
seaport by road or rail. It operates as a centre for the transhipment of sea cargo to inland destinations. An inland area or multimodal logistics centre connected to the sea. Dry Ports Faisalabad, Sambrial / Sialkot Gilgit Hyderabad Rawalpindi Lahore , Mughal Pura, Multan, Larkana Peshawar Quetta Roads More roads in / most dense in east / north- east / south-east,Fewer roads in / least dense in south-west / north; One region the north / north-east has a motorway Motorway connects cities (A and B) in the north / north-east Many minor roads compared to major highways in all regions. Advantage of motorway Faster / more efficient form of transport / to reduce time of journey. Industrial estates are built along the route / promotes industrial growth. Trading / raw materials can be delivered to industries / finished products can be delivered to markets / dry ports. • More employment opportunities can be provided (due to industrial expansion). Advantage of motorway Motorway can be further expanded to connect Afghanistan and the Central Asian Republic / increase foreign trade / increase in imports and exports. New settlements can be established along the route. Connects cities / to outlying rural areas. Promote tourism. Relieve traffic on other roads , e.g. N5; Reduce accidents / safer The N5; National Highway Karachi through Lahore and Peshawar to Turkham It Passes through : In Eastern Sindh from Hyderabad to Sukkur. In Punjab Bahawalpur and Multan Grand Trunk Road (GT Road) From Lahore to Peshawar its called GT Road It serves cities of Lahore, Gujrawala, Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Peshawar. The Indus Highway It covers districts located on the west bank of the River Indus. Dadu, Larkana, Shikarpur, Dera Ghazi Khan and Dera Ismail Khan. The RCD Highway / Lahore- Quetta It connects Karachi with Quetta, from Karachi to Balochistan at Hub in Lasbela then Khuzdar to Quetta and Nok Kundi , it then led to Iran and Turkey. Route 50 From Lahore it passes through Faisalabad and crosses DI Khan then enters Balochistan crossing Sulaiman Range and then from Zhob to Quetta Sukkur-Quetta, KKH
N5 connects Sukkur with Bolan Pass through
Indus Highway to Quetta. Karakoram Highway connects Pakistan with China in North through Khunjerab Pass. Air Transportation
Its favorable for low volume and high value
goods that needs to be moved quickly. There is an extensive domestic air network linking all key cities and major centers. The Civil Aviation Authority manages and develops civil aviation in Pakistan. Air Transportation
PIA is an international airline of Pakistan.
Private (local) Airlines: AIR BLUE LIMITED, AIRSIAL LIMITED, PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES CORP and SERENE AIR (PVT) LIMITED. Air Transport availability of flat,wide,open land (needed for runways/for building). near to large cities/areas of large population (for employees, customers/trade) near to industry (to encourage international trade/business) need for faster/efficient transport for cargo (especially for perishable goods) Air routes to areas (like Gilgit and Skardu) makes inaccessible areas more accessible; rise in living standards/more disposable income (has led to more people using air transport) security (to encourage international investment/so tourists feel safe); increased tourism links to (other infrastructure) roads and railways Disadvantages expensive tickets, cannot afford to pay/compared with other transport limited luggage allowance/items allowed onboard are restricted. limited number of flights per day compared with trains/buses. luggage can be lost/damaged; flights cancelled/delayed/late due to bad weather Disadvantages noise pollution near to runways/airports air pollution near to runways/airports Water transport important in handling bulk goods which do not need quick movement. Seaport handle most of international trade. Major seaports; Kimari in Karachi (development): It receives tankers, containers, bulk and general cargo It has liquid product terminal with ancillaries. construction of flyover bridges connecting bypasses to seaports Provision of navigational aids and radars. Environmental protection equipment. Expansion in storage facilities. Container terminals are being modernized. Port Qasim (is in Gharo Creek southeast of Karachi) Port Qasim is the first integrated port of Pakistan that combines the function of multipurpose deep seaport and a designated Industrial Zone.Gawadar. Major categories of cargo handled at Port Qasim: iron ore, coal, grain, furnace, oil, edible oil, rice , LPG containers and fertilizers In 1979 Pakistan National Shipping Corporation was established. PNSC Objectives: Serves as operating links between major trading partners of Pakistan. Maitain a stabilizing influence on freight rates To save foreign exchange and to provide a strategic link in case of emergencies. Gawadar Port: Location; west of Makran coast in Balochistan. It can become a substitute port if Keamari and port Bin Qasim are affected. Can serve as entreport for Central Asia if Afghanistan allows Central Asia goods pass through its territory. It can generate transit fees for Pakistan. Central Asia republics can open their warehouses in Gawadar. help develop ancillary Industries in region Note: Ancillaries Industries; they support facilities like unloading, storing and transporting of liquid products. Gwadar Prospects Setting up free Industrial zone to provide oil storage, refining and ancillary facilities. Developing EPZ near coast to improve county’s economy. To make Baluchistan a hub for International port traffic Importance of Sea port makes use of deep water/sheltered harbours to facilitate container ships/large ships/cruise improves the national economy makes use of the long coastline in the south of the country provides economic opportunities. provides opportunities for international trade. other countries can import/export through the ports of Pakistan/named examples e.g. Afghanistan/China/Middle East countries Sea port Pakistan can export goods abroad. bulky goods can be moved relatively cheaply provides employment opportunities in areas usually reliant on traditional activities; fishing. seaports handle most international trade infrastructure development like roads and railways near the sea boosts the local economy allows nearby area to be developed and modernised