Chapter 2

Program Development Phase

Topics of discussion :
i. how to write pseudo code
ii. the Structure Theorem

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How to write pseudo code ?
•SIX basic computer operations.
•Receive information
•Put Out information
•Perform arithmetic
•Assign a value to a variable or memory location
•Compare two variables and select one of to alternate actions
•Repeat a group of action

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Receive Information
• READ – input from a file
• GET – input from keyboard
• Example :
• Read Student name
• Get subject code
• It uses single verb of read or get, followed by nouns
to indicate what data to be obtained.

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Put Out Information
• PRINT- sent to printer
• WRITE – write to a file
• PUT/OUTPUT/DISPLAY – write to the screen
• PROMPT – instruction is required before an input
statement

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Example
•Prompt for student_mark
•Get student_mark
•Print ‘Program Completed’
•Write student record to master file
•Put out student name
•Output student_mark
•Display ‘End of data’

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Details of pseudo code
Algorithm
Convert_minute_to_second name
Prompt user for minute
Processing
step defines Get minute
in IPO table second ← minute * 60
Display second
END

Indicates that the algorithm has complete

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Example 1 :
A program is required to get a value of time in minute and
convert it into second. Display the converted output onto
the screen
Solution :
Convert_minute_to_second
Prompt user for minute
Get minute
second ← minute * 60
Display second
END

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Example 2 :
Get maximum and minimum temperature readings on a
particular day, calculate and display to the screen the
average temperature
Solution :
Calculate_average_temperature
Prompt user for max_temp
Get max_temp
Prompt user for min_temp
Get min_temp
average ← (max_temp + min_temp) / 2
Display average
END

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Example 3:
Diana bought a new dress with certain discount. Calculate
net price that she has to pay
Solution :
Calculate_net_price
Prompt user for old_price
Get old_price
Prompt user for discount
Get discount
net_price ← old_price - (old_price * discount/100)
Display net_price
END

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The Structure Theorem
• Three basic control structures:
i. Sequence
• Execution of one processing step after another
• Statement 1
• Statement 2
• Statement 3
ii. Selection *
• Presentation of a condition and the choice between two
actions, using the IF,THEN and ELSE
iii. Repetition /Iteration/Loop *
• Presentation of a set of instruction to be performed repeatedly,
as long as the condition is true

* Will be discussed further in next chapter

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