Concentrations of

Solutions
Lesson 5
Competency No:. 111

Prepared by: Sheryl P. Baron

 1. Identify ways of expressing concentration
of solutions.

2. Calculate concentrations of solutions

Objectives
using different means.

3. Perform stoichiometric calculations on

knowing the concentration of
solutions.
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Introduction
Concentrations of solutions can be described as saturated (solute can no
longer dissolved by the solvent and becomes undissolved particles),
unsaturated (solutes are all dissolved by the solvent), and supersaturated
(solutes are larger in amount that cannot dissolved by the solvent and
become undissolved particles that tend to crystallize and precipitate).

A solution can be quantitively describe as:

1. Dilute – a solution that contains a small proportion of solute relative to solvent.
2. Concentrated – a solution that contains a large proportion of solute relative to solvent.

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A. Percentage Concentration (by Mass, by
Volume and by Mass-Volume )
I. Percentage by Mass. This expresses the mass of solute per 100g of
solution. In most applications, “percent concentration” means
weight/weight percent (%weight/weight) which is equal to the number
of grams of solute per 100 grams of solution.
- Example:
A solution that contains 30% by mass sugar means that the solution
contains 30g of sugar dissolved in 70g of water. It also means that there
are 30g of sugar per 100g of solution.

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 The formula for percent by mass is:

Sample
If 7.5 gProblem 1 nitrate is dissolved
of sodium
in 85 ml of water, calculate the
concentration of sodium nitrate in the
solution.

Given:
Mass of solute – 7.5 grams
Mass of solvent - 85 grams (85 ml of water is
equivalent to 85 grams of water)
Mass of solution – 92.5 grams 5
 The formula for percent by mass is:

Sample
A commonProblem 2 reagent is 10% (wt/wt) NaOH solution. How would you prepare 750
laboratory
grams of the solution?

Solution:
a) You can translate the label 10% (wt/wt) NaOH as

b) You can calculate the needed mass of NaOH using the first conversion factor

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Knowledge Check on Percent by Mass Concentration!
Solve the given problem. You may use a separate sheet of paper.
Direction:
If 7.5 g of sodium nitrate, NaNO3 is dissolved in 85ml of H2O (density of H2O =
1.0g/ml), calculate the %(wt/wt) concentration of H2O in the solution.

Given:

Solution:

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II. Percent by Volume, Volume/Volume
Percent or % (vol/vol)
• When both solute and solvent are liquids, it is sometimes convenient for you
to describe the concentration as percent by Volume (%vol/vol) which is the
number of Volume of the solute in 100 volume of solution. “Volume” may be
any volume unit provided you use the same unit for both solute and solution.

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 Cont.
Sample
A 40% Problem
(vol/vol) 2solution of ethylene glycol in water is used to give protection to a car’s
cooling system. What Volume of ethylene glycol would you use to make five liters of
this solution?

Solution:
a) You can translate the label 40% (vol/vol) ethylene glycol as:

b) You can calculate the needed Volume of ethylene glycol using the first conversion
factor

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Knowledge Check on Percent by Volume Concentration!
Solve the given problem. You may use a separate sheet of paper.
Direction:
A brand of rubbing alcohol says, it contains 70% (vol/vol) isopropyl alcohol. How
many ml of isopropyl alcohol are there in 600 ml of the solution in the bottle?

Given:

Solution:

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III. Weight/Volume Percent or % (wt/vol)

• When it is impractical to express both the solute and solvent in mass or

volume units, a hybrid expression for percent is to be used. Hybrid
because their units do not cancel as they ought to.

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 Cont.

Sample Problem
A solution 3
is prepared by dissolving 5.0 grams of glucose in enough water to make 250
mL of solution. Calculate % (wt/vol) glucose.

Fill in the given to the equation,

Solution:

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 Cont.

Sample Problem
A 50 mL of 12%3by mass-volume solution was used in an experiment. How many
grams of solute does the solution contain?

a) You can translate the label 12% (wt/vol) solution as

Solution:

b) You can calculate the needed mass of the solute using the first conversion factor

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Knowledge Check on Percent by Mass/Volume
Concentration!
Solve the given problem. You may use a separate sheet of paper.
Direction:
The label of betadine skin cleanser says 7.5 % solution. Taking it to be % (wt/vol),
how many grams of betadine (Providone-Iodine) are present in 50 mL bottle?

Given:

Solution:

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Topic one
Subtitle
Chart
6

0
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Series 1 Series 2 Series 3

9/3/20XX Presentation Title 16

Table
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Item 1 4.5 2.3 1.7 5

Item 2 3.2 5.1 4.4 3

Item 3 2.1 1.7 2.5 2.8

Item 4 4.5 2.2 1.7 7

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 Sample Problem

9/3/20XX Presentation Title 18

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Exercise 2.
What is the molality of a solution formed by dissolving 0.75
moles of H3PO4 in 350 g of water?
STEP SOLUTION

1. Convert 350 g of water to kg water. The

amount of solute is already expressed in
moles, but the mass of solvent (water) is not
yet in its desired unit which is kilogram.

2. Solve the molality of the solution using

equation two.

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Exercise 3.
A solution is made by dissolving 1.25 g Na 2SO4 in 65.0 g
water. Calculate the mole fraction of the solute and the solvent.
STEP SOLUTION
1. Compute for the molar mass of both
component (sodium sulfate and water).

2. Compute for the no. of mol of solute

(Na2SO4) using the computed molar mass of
the compound.

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Cont.
A solution is made by dissolving 1.25 g Na 2SO4 in 65.0 g
water. Calculate the mole fraction of the solute and the solvent.
STEP SOLUTION

3. Calculate the no. of mol of water which is the

solvent of the solution using its molar mass.

4. Calculate the total mol of the component or of

the solution by getting the sum of the moles of
solute and solvent.

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Cont.
A solution is made by dissolving 1.25 g Na 2SO4 in 65.0 g
water. Calculate the mole fraction of the solute and the solvent.
STEP SOLUTION
5. Solve for the
mole fraction of
the solute and
solvent in the
solution using
equation three.

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 Exercise 4.
A solution is made by dissolving 13.5 of glucose (C6H12O6) in 0.100 kg
of water. What is the mass percentage of solute in this solution?
STEP SOLUTION

1. Convert kg of water to g of water. The SI unit of

mass is g. The solute which is glucose is already
expressed in g while water is not. Therefore, the
unit of water in the problem which is kilogram
must be converted gram.

2. Calculate the mass of the solution by getting the

sum of the mass of solute and solvent.

3. Solve for the mass percentage of the solute using

equation four.
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 Exercise 5.
What is the ppt of the of 30.0 g of table salt and 105 g of water?
STEP SOLUTION

1. Calculate the mass of solution. The mass of table

salt (solute) and water (solvent) is already
expressed in grams. No need for conversion. To
compute for the mass of the solution, calculate the
sum of the mass of two components.

2. Solve for the parts per thousand of the solution

using equation six.

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 MconVcon = MdilVdil or M1V1 = M2V2

• Most of the time, solutions that are used in laboratory experiments are aqueous of
lower concentration. In order to prepare the needed concentration of solution
from the stock, dilution is done. It is the process where water is added to the
stock (concentrated form) to obtain the desired lower concentrated form. Now,
how is it done? In diluting process, the formula above must be used.

• Where M stands for molarity and V for volume. Quantities on the left represents
the concentrated or stock form of the solution while quantities on the right are the
diluted values of the solution. Now, let’s use this formula to solve for the problem
in the table below.

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Exercise 6.
How many mL of 3.0 M sulfuric acid are needed to make 450 mL of
0.10 M sulfuric acid?
STEP SOLUTION

Find the volume needed from the stock solution to

prepare the desired aqueous concentration thru
derivation.

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Thank you

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