Department of Education

Science 7
Quarter 1
Concentrations of Solutions
Module 7

John Bernard F. Santiago

Writer

Dr. Ador B. Querubin

Reynante H. Espeleta
Armida S. Oblinada
Editor/Reviewer/Validator

Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City

Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan,
Muntinlupa City (02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940
This module is designed to further discuss the concept of substances. Substances
can further be classified into Elements and Compounds. This module provides you
activities that will develop your critical thinking skills.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Most Essential Competencies:

Express concentrations of solutions quantitatively by preparing different
concentrations of mixtures according to uses and availability of materials
(S7MT-Id-3)

Specifically, you will be able to:

1. identify the ways on how to express concentration of solution;

2. describe the types of solution according to the proportion of the solute and
solvent (Diluted and Concentrated);
3. calculate for the percentage concentration of sample solutions;
4. explain the difference between percentage by mass and percentage by
volume of solution; and
5. discuss how percent by mass and percent by volume affects the
concentration of solutions.

Directions: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is true about solutes and solvents
A. Solutes and solvents don't exist
B. The solute dissolves into the solvent
C. The solvent dissolves into the solute
D. Neither the solute or solvent can dissolve into each other

2. _______________ is the amount of solute actually dissolved in a given amount

of solvent.
A. concentration C. solute
B. saturated solution D. supersaturated mixture

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3. Which of the following statements describe the term “Dissolve”?
A. Particles from a mixture mixing together, but then eventually settling
down to the bottom.
B. Two or more substances that is not able to mix completely.
C. Two or more substances mixing completely so that it appears as one.
D. A solution passing through filter paper.

4. How do you increase the concentration of a solution?

A. Add more powder or solute
B. Add more water
C. Less powder or solute
D. Less water or solvent

5. What is the term we use when we have a less concentrated solution?

A. Concentrated B. Diluted C. Solvent D. Volume

6. Berry made a pitcher of calamansi juice. What can she do to dilute if she
thinks it doesn't taste right?
A. Add water C. Boil the Calamansi Juice
B. Add sugar D. Put it in the refrigerator

7. Which solution is more concentrated?

A. 25 g of salt in 100 mL of water C. 5 g of salt in 100 mL of water
B. 10 g of salt in 100 mL of water D. 0 g of salt in 100 mL of water

8. What is the percent by mass of sodium hydrogen carbonate that has 20

grams of solute in 600mL of water?
A. 3.22 % B. 3.33 % C. 3.44 % D. 3.55 %

9. What is the percent by volume of ethanol that contains 35mL of solute

dissolved in 115mL of water?
A. 23.11 % B. 23.22 % C. 23.33 % D. 23.44 %

10. What is the percent by mass of 3.55g NaCl in 88g of water?

A. 3.58 % B. 3.78 % C. 3.88 % D. 3.98 %

11. What is the percent by volume of 25mL ethanol in 75mL of water?

A. 20 % B. 25 % C: 50 % D. 75 %

12. Calculate the mass percent of sodium hypochlorite in commercial bleach, if

1 g of bleach is dissolved in 19.05 g of solution.
A. 5.25 % B. 5.30 % C. 5.35 % D. 5.40 %

13. If you have 100mL of a 30% ethanol solution, what is the volume of ethanol
in the solution?
A. 30 ml B. 50 ml C. 70 ml D. 100 ml

14. How many ml of Ethyl Alcohol are present in a 500 ml bottle of 40% alcohol
solution?
A. 100 ml B. 150 ml C. 200 ml D. 250 ml

15. A solution is formed by adding 35 g of ammonium nitrate to 250 g of water.

What is the percent by mass of ammonium nitrate?
A. 11.28 % B. 12.28 % C. 13.28 % D. 14.28 %
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 Lesson Concentrations of
1 Solutions
Many people have a qualitative idea of what is meant by concentration. Anyone who
has made instant coffee or lemonade knows that too much powder gives a strongly
flavored, highly concentrated drink, whereas too little results in a dilute solution that
may be hard to distinguish from water. In chemistry, the concentration of a solution
is the quantity of a solute that is contained in a particular quantity of solvent or
solution.

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct but if it’s FALSE, change the
underlined word or group of words to make the whole statement true.

1. A solution is a mixture of two or more substances.

2. Solution the process by which a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance
is heterogeneously mixed with liquid or sometimes a gas or solid.
3. The solute is the substance that is being dissolved, while
the solvent is the dissolving medium.
4. The particles of a solution cannot pass through filter paper.
5. A true solution does scatter light.
6. Solubility is the capacity of a substance to be dissolved
7. A saturated solution is a solution that contains the maximum
amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved.
8. Increasing the temperature decreases the solubility of substances.
9. Mechanical stirring affects the solubility of a substance.

10. The bigger the particle, the greater the solubility of solute

Learner’s Signature: __________________________________________________________

Parent’s / Guardian’s Signature: ______________________________________________
Teacher’s Comments:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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Direction: Analyze the situation and answer the following guide questions.
Your mother asked to make calamansi juice for your meryenda. You prepared two
drinking glass containers with half the amount of water. In your mother’s glass, you
squeezed 10 calamansi. You noticed that you have run out of calamansi so you only
squeezed 4 calamansi on your drinking glass
Guide Questions:

1. Which glass do you think has a strong taste? Weak taste?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What makes a calamansi juice strong? What makes it weak?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. How can you make a strong calamansi juice turned weak?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

The strength or weakness of a solution is based on its concentration.

In the previous activity, the solution is qualitatively described based on its

concentration. The concentration describes the relative amounts of solute and
solvent in a given volume of solution. The concentration of the solution can be
classified according to the proportion of solute and solvent.
Types of Solution
 Diluted Solution – when the amount of solute dissolved is less than the
amount of solvent.
Diluted Solution

Solvent

Solute

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  Concentrated Solution – when the amount of solute dissolved is greater than
the amount of solvent.
Concentrated Solution
Solvent

Solute

Based from the activity above, which container contains a diluted solution?
Which container has a concentrated solution? Container B is diluted since there is
less amount of solute (powdered juice) than solvent (water) while container A is
concentrated because there is a large amount of solute (powdered juice) than solvent
(water).
For laboratory use, we need to express concentration in a more exact,
quantitative manner. It use percentage composition specifically % by mass and % by
volume to determine the concentration.
Percentage by Mass
 Concentration expressed by percent by mass is a ratio of a measured amount
of solute to a measured amount of solution.

 The amount of solute in a given mass of solvent expressed as grams solute per
100 grams of solution.

Percent by Mass = Mass of Solute x 100%

Mass of Solution

Note: Mass of Solute+ Mass of Solvent = Mass of Solution

Sample Problem:
What is the % by the mass concentration of a solution that contains 5.30 g of
salt dissolved in 19.7 g of water?
Given: 5.30 g of salt (solute)
19.70 g of water (solvent)
Unknown: Percent by Mass
Formula:
Percent by Mass = Mass of Solute x 100%
Mass of Solution

Solution: 5.30 g
Percent by Mass = x 100% = 21.2 %
5.30 g +19.70 g
Percentage by Volume
 Percent by volume usually describes solutions in which both solute and
solvents are liquid.

 The amount of solute in a given mass of solvent expressed as grams solute per
100 grams of solution.
Volume of Solute x 100%
Percent by Volume =
Volume of Solution
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Note: Volume of Solute+ Volume of Solvent = Volume of Solution

Sample Problem 1:
What is the percent by volume of ethanol in a solution that contains 25 ml of
ethanol dissolved in 150 ml of water?
Given: 25 ml of Ethanol
150 ml of water
Unknown: Percent by Volume
Formula:
Percent by Volume = Volume of Solute x 100%
Solution: Volume of Solution
25 ml
Percent by Volume = 25 ml + 150ml x 100% = 14.29 %

Sample Problem 2:
What is the percent by mass of ethyl alcohol in a solution that contains 275
ml of ethanol in 500 ml solution?
Given: 275 ml of Ethanol
500 ml solution
Unknown: Percent by Volume

Formula:
Percent by Volume = Volume of Solute x 100%
Volume of Solution
Solution:
Percent by Volume = 275 ml x 100% = 55 %
500 ml
Note: The volume of the solution is already given. No need to add the volume
of solute and volume of solvent.
Labels of products sold often show the concentration of solutes expressed as
percent (%) by volume or mass. For example, perfume is labeled as 20 % fragrance
concentration, which means that it contains 20 ml of perfume oil in 100 m of
fragrance solution.
The following sample problems show you how to compute the exact number
of solute and solvent in the solution.
Sample Problem:
How many mL of Ethyl Alcohol are present in a 500 ml bottle of 70% alcohol
solution?
Given: 500 ml solution
70 % percent by volume
Unknown: amount of solute and solvent
Formula: Percent by volume
Solute = x solution
100
Solution:
Solute = 70% x 500 = 350 ml ethyl alcohol
100
To determine the amount of solvent, subtract the amount of solute to the
amount of solution.
amount of solute – the amount of solution = amount of solvent
Using the data in the sample problem, the amount of solvent is 150 ml.
Note: if the given amount is the solvent, use the same formula but change the solute
into the solvent.
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A. Try On
Activity 1: “Mix Match”
Objective/s:
 Describe the types of solution according to the proportion of the solute and
solvent
Material/s
 2 drinking glass container
 500 ml of water
 Powdered Juice
 Tablespoon
Procedure
1. Label 2 drinking glass container to identify the sample and its amount.
2. Prepare 2 drinking glass containers with half the amount of water.
3. Add 2 tablespoons of powdered juice in the glass container A and B.
4. Observe the substance by tasting it.
5. Next, add another 2 tablespoons of powdered juice in the glass container A
only (glass container B will serve as the control group) and repeat procedure
# 3.
6. Lastly, add another 2 tablespoons of powdered juice in the glass container and
repeat procedure # 3. Answer the following guide questions based on your
observation.

Guide Questions:

1. Illustrate your setup.

2. What do you observe in the taste of the substance when you add 2
tablespoon of powdered juice in both container?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 3. What happens to the taste of the solution when you add more powdered
juice in container A? In container B?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. What did you prove in this experiment?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2
“Concentrate on Solving”
Objective
 Calculate for the percentage concentration of sample solutions

Material/s
 Calculator
Direction: Solve the following problem.
1. What is the percent by mass of NaHCO3 in a solution containing 20 g NaHCO3
dissolved in 600 g of water?

2. What is the percent by volume of isopropyl alcohol in a solution that contains

50 ml of Isopropyl alcohol in 100 ml of water?

3. Calculate the percent by mass of 4.35 g of NaCl dissolved in 105 g of water.

4. A solution is formed by adding 35 g of ammonium nitrate to 250 g of water.

What is the percent by mass of ammonium?

5. A one peso coin has a mass of 6.8 grams. How many grams of copper are in a
one peso coin containing 70% copper by mass?

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Directions: Using a Venn diagram compare and contrasts % by mass and % by
volume.

Direction: Analyze the situation and answer the following guide questions. You can
use the internet to answer some questions.

Hand hygiene is one of the important measures to prevent the spread of Coronavirus
disease (COVID-19). Hands should be washed with soap and water for at least 20
seconds when visibly soiled, before eating, and after using the restroom. Another way
to prevent the disease is to use disinfectant such as Alcohol. The alcohol used as a
disinfectant is a solution of 70% ethyl or isopropyl alcohol. 70% isopropyl alcohol
solutions penetrate the cell wall more completely which permeates the entire cell,
coagulates all proteins, and therefore the microorganism dies. This hand hygiene’s
are preventive measures that are simple, but will effectively protect you not just from
Coronavirus disease, but from other diseases as well.

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Essential Questions

1. What are the main ingredients of an Isopropyl Alcohol?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Which of the ingredients is the solute? Solvent?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. In general, what is the importance of knowing the concentration of a

solution?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. _______________ is the amount of solute actually dissolved in a given amount
of solvent.
A. concentration C. solute
B. saturated solution D. supersaturated mixture

2. How do you decrease the concentration of a solution?

A. Add more powder or solute C. Less powder or solute
B. Add more water or solvent D. Less water or solvent

3. If I dissolve carbon dioxide in water, what is my solvent?

A. Carbon Dioxide C. Oxygen
B. Water D. There is no solvent

4. Gabby prepared a solution by mixing 25 g of sugar in 75 g of water. What

are the concentrations of the solute and solvent in percent by mass?
A. Solute 35%, Solvent 65 % C. Solute 25%, Solvent 75 %
B. Solute 15%, Solvent 85 % D. Solute 5%, Solvent 95 %

5. A Vinegar contains 5% acetic acid which means that

A. The solution contains 5 ml of acetic acid in 97 ml of water.
B. The solution contains 50 ml of acetic acid in 50 ml of water.
C. The solution contains 500 ml of acetic acid in 500 ml of water.
D. The solution contains 0.5 ml of acetic acid in 99.5 ml of water.

6. Which solution is less concentrated?

A. 25 g of salt in 100 mL of water C. 5 g of salt in 100 mL of
water
B. 10 g of salt in 100 mL of water D. 2 g of salt in 100 mL of
water

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 7. What is the percentage concentration in the following solution: 5 g sucrose
in 90 g water?
A. 4% B. 5% C. 6% D. 7%

8. How many grams of glucose (C12H22O11) are needed to prepare 400 ml of a

5% glucose solution?
A. 5 g B. 10 g C. 14 g D. 20 g

9. A solution that is considered dilute would ____________

A. Be dark in color C. Have a strong scent
B. Have a large amount of solute D. Have a small amount of
solute

10. A necklace contains 75 % silver. If the necklace weighs 15 g, what is the

mass of silver dissolved in the necklace?
A. 9.25 g B. 10.25 g C. 11.25 g D. 12.25
g

11. What is the % by mass concentration of a solution that contains 10 g of salt

dissolved in 36 g of water?
A. 10.74 % B. 21.74 % C. 30.74 % D. 41.74
%

12. What is the percent by mass of NaHCO3 in a solution containing 40 g

NaHCO3 dissolved in 500 g of water?
A. 4.41 % B. 5.41 % C. 6.41 % D. 7.41 %

13. What is the percent by volume of ethanol in a solution that contains 65 ml

of ethanol dissolved in 250 ml of water?
A. 20.63 % B. 26.30 % C. 30.26 % D. 36.20
%

14. Calculate the grams of NaOCl (5.25% by mass) in 245 g of commercial

bleach solution
A. 11.86 g B. 12.86 g C. 13.86 g D. 14.86
g

15. How many ml of Ethyl Alcohol are present in a 500 ml bottle of 40% alcohol
solution?
A. 100 ml B. 150 ml C. 200 ml D. 250 ml

Learner’s Signature: __________________________________________________________

Parent’s / Guardian’s Signature: ______________________________________________
Teacher’s Comments:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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Directions: Determined the exact ratio of solute and solvent of the following
products that can be found in your house. Write your solution in the space
provided below

1. Vinegar (500 ml) A. Solute: B. Solvent:

Given:
Formula:
Solution:

2. Ethyl Alcohol (500 ml) A. Solute: B. Solvent:

Given:
Formula:
Solution:

3. Perfume (any ml) A. Solute: B. Solvent:

Given:
Formula:
Solution:

Learner’s Signature: __________________________________________________________

Parent’s / Guardian’s Signature: ______________________________________________
Teacher’s Comments:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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 15. C
14. B
Smaller
10. 13. A
True 9. 12. D
Increase
8. 11. B
True 7. 10. C
4.76 g or copper 5. 9. D
True 6.
8. D
Does not
5. 12.28 % 4.
7. B
Can’t4. 3.98 % 3. 6. D
True 3. 33 % 2. 5. A
Mixed 3.23 % 1. 4. C
2. Homogeneously more (Activity 2) What’s 3. B
1. True 2. B
What’s In 1. A
Assessment

References
1. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_Che
mistry__The_Central_Science_(Brown_et_al.)/04._Reactions_in_Aqueous_Sol
ution/4.5%3A_Concentration_of_Solutions#:~:text=The%20concentration%2
0of%20a%20substance,in%201%20L%20of%20solution.

2. Madriaga, E, et al. (2012). Definition and Examples Retrieved from Science

Links 7 Worktext for Scientific and technological literacy. Page 53-54

3. Department of Education. Science Leaner’s Manual 7 page 12-13.

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