THE EVOLUTION OF

PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
Presented by:
MCT
Government and State
People Territory

State
Political Social
harmony justice
Sovereignty GOVERNMENT

Economic
Peace and
order
developmen agency
Goals t
of the
person or
State aggregate of
persons
Periodization in Philippine Government

Social
Philippine
Developmen
Government
t
Pre- Spanish Spanish Revolutionary
Era
Innovatio
n ? Innovatio
n
Provisional
American Japanese Government
of 1986 Reform Reform
 An Overview
Period Government Area of Concern
Pre- Spanish Baranganic System Mutual protection and survival, preservation of culture,
Period subsistence economy, gender and social equality
Spanish Period Centralized Economic system, union of church and state, education,
liberal, equal representation, cultural diffusion
Revolutionary Katipunan, Biak-na-Bato, Dictatorial, Separation of the Philippines from Spain and the formation
Era Revolutionary, First Philippine Republic of independent state;
Independence and reorganization of local governments;
Recognition of Philippines in all nations;
Establishment of a real republic;
Democratic country

American Period Military Government, Civil Gov’t.,
Commonwealth
Japanese Period Japanese Military Administration; The
Philippine Executive Commission; “The
Japanese-Sponsored Republic”
1986 Constitutional, democratic, and transitory
Economic and social development like education,
representative institutions for the tutelage program,
lowering of tax, roads and highways, foreign investment in
mining, forestry, cash crop cultivation, tenancy problem
To grant the Philippines its independence;
Bill of rights only pertains to the duties and obligations
rather than constitutional rights; Tagalog as national lang.
Protection of human rights; promotion of welfare
Political Structure of the Philippines During
Pre-Spanish Period

nar ch Political
Declaration
t i ve mo alliance
u lt a executive of War
cons
Chieftain
judiciary Communal
Subsistence
Village Elders Ownership
Economy

legislative
Social
Class/relat Foreign
ionship Relationship
Political Structure of the Philippines During
Spanish Period
1527- 1821 1821 Religion
Powers of
King of Spain King of Spain Papa the Gov.-
Gen.

Central Union of
Archbishop
Government Church
Vice-royalty of Governor- General and State
Mexico
Provincial Bishop
subsidized subsidized Policies
Government
Implemen
Alcalde Mayor
-ted
Philippines
Municipal
Government
Gobernadorcillo
Political Structure during the Revolutionary Era

Katipunan Government(1892) Biak-na-Bato Republic (1897)

Give orders
Aim of the Katipunan: Supreme Council - Still, central government with the
To unite the Filipino (Kataastaasang - A Republic with Constitution force of
law
people and struggle for Sanggunian) (copied from Cuban
separation from Spain Constitution of 1895)
through revolution President, Vice Tagalog Impose
Provincial Council Pres., Sec. of as and
official collect
Judicial Council (Kataastaasang Foreign Affairs, language Suprem taxes
Sanggunian) Interior, War,
e
President, Vice Treasury
Council
Pres., General, Aim of the Biak-na-Bato
Dir. of War, & Dir. Popular Council Republic:
of the Interior (Sangguniang Separation of the Philippines
Balangay) from the Spanish monarchy Bill Direct
military
Membership and to form an independent of operation
state rights s
 Political Structure during the Revolutionary
Era
Dictatorial Government (1898)
• Should complete the capture of all Spanish soldiers
in the treatment of a civilized nation
• All residents in each town must elect their local
governments such as mayor, police and public
order, justice, civil registry, revenues and property
• All town mayors in the province shall elect through
a majority vote the governor, representatives, and
councilors
• Commissioners were to ensure the implementation
of the govt. decrees and orders
• Instructions concerning the administration of
provinces and towns
• Establishment of Revolutionary Government
Revolutionary Government
Aim : for the ultimate recognition by all nations of
Philippine Independence and that a true Republic
may be established
Four Departments: Department of Foreign Affairs;
Department of Finance; Department of Interior;
Department of Justice
Reorganization of the local government in the
provinces who were already liberated from Spanish
control
Election of representatives from each province
who would constitute a Republican Congress
Revolutionary Government (Important Decrees)

Creation of Revolutionary
Creation of Faculty of
Committee in foreign Establishment of the
Law in the Literary
countries, composed of Literary University of the
University of the
board directors, members Philippines (1st)
Philippines
and correspondents

Permitting foreigners, Creation of the Institute

Establishment of the
except Spaniards, of Vaccination to improve
Burgos Institute which
freedom of movement the hygiene and address
emphasized courses on
within the territory under the diseases brought by
Latin, geography, History,
jurisdiction of the war and neglect of the
math, and science
revolutionary govt. Spaniards
 First Philippine Republic (1899)
IMPORTANT DECREES

Sovereign power was Adheres to the principle of Philippine Women’s Red Cross
recognized to be vested in the separation of the
the people powers of the government ;
and the separation of Budget Act in the Philippines
Government was popular,
Church and State
representative, and
responsible Implemented the Public Land Law
Malolos
Constitution
Provincial law covering areas of Judges
(Democratic
Republic) and Supreme Court
Parliamentary System
Provided pensions to orphans and war
- The president was not widows
elected directly by the
Observes the Bill of rights people but by a special Abolished compulsory labor
assembly for a term of four
years Issuance of paper money which contains
“Republica ng Filipina”
 American Military Government in the
Philippines
OBJECTIVES OF AMERICAN RULE
US President
Philippines served as the market and naval base to
assist American interests in China
Central govt.
Military Governor
General Executive, judicial,
Served as an opportunity to enter in the Far Eastern legislative powers
Trade with Manila’s greater population that serves
as shipping center

Provincial govt.
local govt.
Source of natural resources and the new mainspring
of commercialism Municipal govt.
Executive
power
 American Military Government
“The THE SCHURMAN COMMISSION
Philippines
are ours not
to exploit but Establishment of public schools The Philippines
to develop, was not yet
to civilize, to prepared for
educate, to independence
Establishment of civil authority
train in the
science of
self- Implementation of needed reforms and the
government.” recognition of the rights and liberties of the people

An honest and liberal government participated in

by Filipinos could only take place in an
atmosphere where civilian authority prevailed
Pres. McKinley
 American Civil Government (1901)
THE SECOND PHILIPPINE COMMISSION
Four Executive Departments
Department of Commerce and Finance and
Public Instruction
Interior Police Justice
The Philippine Bill of 1902 The National Census of 1903 The Political Parties

1. Bill of Rights (free speech, press, Very important before the election 1. Federal Party
petition for the grievances) of Phil. Assembly 2. Nacionalista Party
2. Appointment of two Filipino as 3. Liberal Party
The Educational Progress 4. Democrata Party
resident commissioners without
voting rights to represent the Introduction of the public school 5. Progresista
country in the US Congress system
The Philippine Assembly
3. Establishment of Phil. Assembly
4. Exercise of executive power by The Pensionado Program Served as the lower
Provided education for Filipino house of the legislative
the civil governor
Scholars in American colleges and body
universities
 The Commonwealth Government (1935) –
Manuel L. Quezon
Tydings-McDuffie Commonwealth Government
Law
1. Republican/presidential
The law provided for a type
transition period of
2. Autonomous in domestic
ten years during which affairs
the Philippine
3. Legislative power is on
Commonwealth would unicameral National
operate and at the
Assembly later in a
expiration of said bicameral Congress
period on July 4, 1946
4. Judicial power is in the
Supreme Court and
inferior courts
Government Reorganization
1. “more government and less politics”
2. Established the Government Survey
Board which made recommendations
in addressing the country’s problem
3. New offices were created/modified
thru EO such as: Council of National
Defense, Board of National Relief,
Commission for Sulu, Mindanao; Civil
Service Board Appeal; Health and
Public Welfare; Agriculture and
Commerce; Public Works and
Communications
Government Programs
Social Programs Education Programs Philippine Defense
1. Court of Industrial
1. Sought permission to the US
Relations (to solve
Department to gain the
labor disputes) 1. Instituted the
services of Gen. Douglas
2. Enacted the minimum National Council of
MacArthur as Field Marshal in
wage law, eight hours Education and the
the armed defense of the
daily work, Tenancy Residence Certificate
country
Law for the farmers Law
2. Obtained the approval of the
3. Office of the Public 2. Created the Office of
Phil. Assembly thru the
Defenders (now PAO) Adult Education
National Defense Act that
4. Commonwealth Act 3. Proclaimed Tagalog as
Appropriated the funding for
No. 20 , to acquire the national language
the Phil. Defense against
estates of land to re- and be part of the
foreign aggression
distributed to tenants school curriculum
3. ROTC course was required to
5. Cooperative System
colleges and universities
6. Court of Appeal
 Japanese Government (1943)
Government Reorganization Japanese Educational Policies
Philippine Executive
Commission
1. Principles of Greater East Asia
Co-Prosperity
Interior Finance Justice 2. Spiritual Rejuvenation of Filipino
3. Teaching and propagation of
Nippongo
4. Promotion of love for labor
Agriculture and Education, Health Public Works and
5. Diffusion of vocational and
Commerce and Public Works Communication
elementary education
6. Opening of normal schools and
college courses like engineering,
Gen. Masaharu Homa proclaimed that Philippines was an agriculture, medicine and
official member of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere fisheries
 Japanese Government (1943)

RENOVATION OF PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

To make the people

understand the position of the
Phils. as a member of the
EACPS
To elevate the morals of the
people, giving up over
emphasis on materialism
To promote friendly relations
between Japan and the
Philippines
To diffuse Japanese language
and terminate the use of
English
To eradicate the old idea of
reliance upon the Western
nations and to foster new
Filipino culture based on the
self-consciousness of the
people as Orientals
 Martial Law Government
Proclamation 1081 1973 Constitution The 1976 Amendments
Abolition of the
Entire country Old congress of Authority of president to
Creation of Interim
under Martial the Philippines make laws outside the
Batasang Pambansa
Law parliament

Presidential to
parliamentary
(powers of pres. Authority to issue Regional and sectoral
1. To save the and pm) decrees, executive representatives and cabinet
republic orders of letters of member appointed by the
2. To build a new instructions president
society The power to call
interim assembly
 Martial Law Government
The 1981 Amendments

Creation of
President as the
No term limit for unicameral
head of state and
the President legislative, the
chief executive
Batasang Pambansa

The 1984 Amendments

Authorizing the Election of

Restoration of the
president to grant Adoption of an Batasan members
office of the Vice
public lands to urban land policy by provinces,
President
qualified farmers cities and districts
 TRANSITORY GOVERNMENT AND THE
FREEDOM CONSTITUTION (1987)
Transitory Government
Bicameral
Presidential form Importance of
congress of the Bill of Rights
of government education
Philippines

Right of private Equitable

Social Justice Land reform distribution of
property
wealth

Creation of the
Creation of
autonomous regions
permanent
in the Cordilleras and
Commission on
in the Muslim areas
Human Rights
in Mindanao
 Insights

Evolution of the Imperative Factors

Philippine
Government
Global
Situation
Historical Action or
developm initiatives A process Political Civil
ent of change Climate Society
Perspecti
ves in the
role of
govt.
References

De Leon, H. Textbook on the Philippine constitution

Laurente, R. (2006). Essentials of political science. Sampaloc Manila:Rex Book
Store, Inc.
Maguigad, R. (2004). People’s history of the Philippines. Quezon City:Libro Filipino
Enterprise.
Paras, A.,& Palado, D. (2014). History of the sovereign Filipino people.Quezon City:
HisGoPhil Publishing House Inc.
Pila, R., & Buraga, J. (2013). The rise of the Philippine Republic. Mandaluyong City:
Anvil Publishing, Inc.
Zaide, S. (1996). Political science. Quezon City: All-Nations Publishing Co. Inc.