Cancer

Haleema Musthafa
 Group members
1. Fathima naiza
2. Haleema musthafa
3. Hanna fathima
4. Henna fathima
 Index
1. Introduction
2. Human cancer cells
3. Difference between normal cell and cancer cell
4. 2 Types of tumor
5. Types of cancer
6. Cancer causing agents
7. Diagonosis
8. Treatment for cancer
9. Bibliography
 1. Introduction
• Cancer is a disease caused when cellsdivide
uncontrollably and spread into surrounding tissues
• Cancer is caused by changes to DNA
• Cancer gene products produce in two wsys
Quantitatively
- gene products expressed at an abnormal level or not
expressed at all
Qualitatively
- DNA sequence changed (Gene is mutated)
 2.human cancer cell
Cancer cells can break away from original
tumor and travel through the blood or lymph
system to distant locations in the
body .where they exit the vessels to form
additional tumor. This is called Metastasis
 3. Difference between normal cell and
cancer cell
Normal cell
• These cells undergo cell division as
well as differentiation
• Stop cell division when the
adequate number of cells are
present and then undergo maturation
• Communicate with near by cells for
homeostatic purpose
• Have a defined size and shape
• Nucleus is comparatively small and
light
Cancer cell
• These cells undergo cell division but
do not undergo differentiation
• Have a rapid cell division and they
divide before their maturation
• Do not communicate with near by
cells
• Have altered size and shape
• Nucleus is larger and darker
• A cluster of cells without a boundary
 Normal cell
• Have defined arrangements
and boundary
• Undergo angiogenesis only
during the formation of new
tissue
• Repaired and Undergo
apoptosis and damaged
• Do not spread
• Identified and removed by
immune system when
damaged
Cancer cell
• Undergo continues
angiogenesis which Promotes
the continuous growth and
cell division
• Not repaired and do not
undergo apoptosis
• Have the ability to spread
• Can escape from detection by
immune system
• Do not have defined function
 4. 2 Types of tumor
Benign tumors
A benign tumor Is an Abnormal
but noncancerous Collection of
cells Also called benign neoplasm
. Benign tumors can form
anywhere on or in your body,but
many don’t need treatment .It is
usually not problem unless it
presses on a nearby structure or
causes other symptoms
Malignant tumors
Malignant tumors have cells that
grow uncontrollably and spread
locally to distant sites. Malignant
tumors are cancerous. they spread
to distant sites through via blood
stream or the lymphatic system
this spread is called metastasis.
They spread rapidly and require
treatment to avoid spread
 5. Types of cancer
1.Breast Cancer
2.Lung cancer
3.Prostate cancer
4.Bladder cancer
5.Leukemia
6. Brain cancer
6. Cancer causing agents
7. Diagonosis
8. Treatment for Cancer
1 . Surgery
2.Chemotherapy
3.Hormone therapy
4.Radiation therapy
 9. Bibliography
1. WWW.cancer.gov
2. https://WWW.Cancerresearchuk.org
3. https://Pediaa.com
4. https://My.clevelandclinic.org