Statistics &

Probability
LP 1 – Day 1
ELVIE A. LLAMAS
Statistics & Teacher III HNHS - SHS
Probability
 Numeracy
Do the following operation:

Read and answer. Show the process.

Ana bought bread that costs Php 12.00.
She said that her remaining money from
her Php 15.00 is Php 5.00. This statement
is:
Statistics & A. TRUE B. FALSE
Probability
 Determine whether the statement is True (T) or
False (F) by checking (✓) appropriate box. If false,
modify the statement to make it true.
Statements T F
1.The value resulting from is 95.    

2.The area under the normal curve is    

1.
3.The value resulting from is 0.99.    

4.The notations and are sample    

values.
Statistics & 5.Under the normal curve, there are    
Probability many z – values.
 DECISION MAKING SCENARIOS CARDS

Statistics &
Probability
 illustrates: (a) null
hypothesis; (b) alternative
hypothesis; (c) level of
significance; (d) rejection
region; and (e) types of errors
in hypothesis testing.
Statistics &
Probability
Statistics &
Probability
Statistics &
Probability
 THINK – PAIR - SHARE
Task 1: Study the formulation of the hypotheses in the following examples
carefully.
Music and Studies
A teacher wants to know if listening to popular music affects the
performance of pupils. A class of 50 Grade 1 pupils was used in the
experiment. The mean score was 83 and the standard deviation is 5. A
previous study revealed that and the standard deviation .
1. State the null and alternative hypotheses in words and in symbols.
2. State whether the test is directional or non – directional.
Solution:
The parameter of interest is the population mean .
1. In words, the hypotheses are
: The sample comes from a population whose mean is 82.
: The sample does not come from a population whose mean is 82.
In symbols, we write
and
Statistics & 2. There is no clue as to the direction of the investigation. The phrase

Probability “affects the performance” implies either an increase or a decrease in

 Organic Fertilizer
Pedro believes that using organic fertilizers on his
sugarcanes will yield greater income. His average
income from the past was Php 200 000.00 per
year. State the hypothesis in symbols and tell
whether it is directional or non – directional.
Solution:
:
:
The phrase “greater income” is associated with
the greater than direction. So, the test is
directional or one – tailed test and is right – tailed
Statistics & test.
Probability
 Task 2: Complete the table below to
determine the level of significance in each
test.

One – tailed Two – tailed Test

Test (Change alpha into
Alpha (Change alpha decimal number
into decimal and divide the
number) result by 2)

0.1%    
1%    
Statistics & 5%    
Probability 10%    
 LET’S THINK DEEPER!

• What is hypothesis testing?

Hypothesis Testing is a process wherein we

make decisions in evaluating claims about the
population based on the characteristics of a
sample taken from the same population. In
Hypothesis Testing, we first come up with a
hypothesis and later on, we decide whether to
reject or do not reject the said hypothesis.
Statistics &
Probability
 LET’S THINK DEEPER!

• How to illustrate null and

alternative hypothesis?
The Null Hypothesis (in symbols, Ho) is a
statement about the population which
states that there is no significant
difference, change or relationship between
or among the variables. We use the equal
sign (=) to denote that nodifference existed
Statistics & in the actual value of the parameter
Probability considered.
 LET’S THINK DEEPER!

• What is the level of significance in one

– tailed and two tailed test?
The level of significance (in symbols, 𝛼,
read as alpha) refers to theprobability of
rejecting a true null hypothesis. The value
can range from 0 to 1 or 0% to 100%. If the
alternative hypothesis requires the two-
tailed test (≠), the alpha is divided by 2
later in determining the critical region.
Statistics &
Probability
 PRACTICE TIME!
Tart Time
A local tart maker thought that the average length of shelf time of
their products is less than 20 days. The standard deviation is 3
days. A sample of 60 tarts were obtained to test the claim.
a. What test is appropriate: directional (one – tailed) or non –
directional (two– tailed)?
b. If it is directional, is it left – tailed or right tailed?
c. State the hypothesis.
Determine the level of significance.
According to a guidance counselor, an average student spent less
than 7 hours each day for school works. A sample of 100 students
in a certain school reveals that the mean hours spent of the
students is 6.5 hours with a standard deviation of 0.8. Suppose the
claim of the guidance counselor is correct with 95% confidence
Statistics & interval. What is the appropriate value of the alpha to be used in
determining the critical region?
Probability
 TEST YOURSELF
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer. Write the required answer for items without
choices.
1. An intelligent guess about the characteristic of a population is
called __________________.
A. mean C. hypothesis
B. proportion D. test statistic
2.The important numerical value in hypothesis testing is
_________________.
C. Parameter C. conclusion
D. Sample value D. interpretation
3.When the confidence level is 95%, is equal to
E. 0.01 C. 0.05
F. 0.10 D. 0.50
Statistics & 4.It is a method of using sample data to decide between two competing
claims known as hypothesis.
Probability 5. In hypothesis testing, it is the statement of equality being tested.
 TEST YOURSELF

6– 7. The average weight of whole

chickens sold at the local market is
1.26 kg. A random sample of chickens
shows that the mean weight is 1.34 kg.
Write the null and alternative
hypothesis in symbol.
8 – 10. What test is the appropriate:
Statistics & directional (one – tailed) or non –
Probability directional (two – tailed)? Why?
 ASSIGNMENT

Statistics &
Probability
 ASSIGNMENT

Complete the table below.

Level of Significance

One – Two –
Confidence
Alpha Tailed Tailed
Level
Test Test
99%      
95%      
Statistics &
Probability 90%