HEATING, VENTILATION &

AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

HVAC Systems – Understanding the basis

1 Introduction to HVAC systems

2 Principles of Air Conditioning
3 Types of Air Conditioning systems
4 HVAC Standards
5 HVAC system types
6 HVAC Piping system
7 HVAC Air Distribution systems
8 Fans and Pumps
9 HVAC Instrumentation and Control
10 HVAC System Commissioning
11 HVAC Check List

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 HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

1 Introduction to HVAC systems

What is HVAC ?

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HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

1. Introduction to HVAC systems

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1. Introduction to HVAC systems

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1. Introduction to HVAC systems

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HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

Introduction to HVAC systems

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HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

1. Introduction to HVAC systems

CONDUCTION:
Conduction occurs when two object at different temperatures are in contact with each other. Heat flows from the
warmer to the cooler object until they are both at the same temperature. Conduction is the movement of heat through
a substance by the collision of molecules. At the place where the two object touch, the faster-moving molecules of the
warmer object collide with the slower moving molecules of the cooler object.

CONVECTION:
In liquids and gases, convection is usually the most efficient way to transfer heat. Convection occurs when warmer
areas of a liquid or gas rise to cooler areas in the liquid or gas. As this happens, cooler liquid or gas takes the place of
the warmer areas which have risen higher. This cycle results in a continuous circulation pattern and heat is
transferred to cooler areas.

RADIATION:
Both conduction and convection require matter to transfer heat. Radiation is a method of heat transfer that does not
rely upon any contact between the heat source and the heated object. For example, we feel heat from the sun even
though we are not touching it. Heat can be transmitted though empty space by thermal radiation. Thermal radiation
(often called infrared radiation) is a type electromagnetic radiation (or light). Radiation is a form of energy transport
consisting of electromagnetic waves traveling at the speed of light. No mass is exchanged and no medium is
required.

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HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

1. Introduction to HVAC systems

CONDUCTION:
Conduction occurs when two object at different temperatures are in contact with each other. Heat flows from the
warmer to the cooler object until they are both at the same temperature. Conduction is the movement of heat through
a substance by the collision of molecules. At the place where the two object touch, the faster-moving molecules of the
warmer object collide with the slower moving molecules of the cooler object.

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HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

1. Introduction to HVAC systems

CONVECTION:
In liquids and gases, convection is usually the most efficient way to transfer heat. Convection
occurs when warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise to cooler areas in the liquid or gas. As this
happens, cooler liquid or gas takes the place of the warmer areas which have risen higher. This
cycle results in a continuous circulation pattern and heat is transferred to cooler areas.

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HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

Introduction to HVAC systems

RADIATION:
Both conduction and convection require matter to transfer heat. Radiation is a method of heat transfer that does
not rely upon any contact between the heat source and the heated object. For example, we feel heat from the
sun even though we are not touching it. Heat can be transmitted though empty space by thermal radiation.
Thermal radiation (often called infrared radiation) is a type electromagnetic radiation (or light). Radiation is a form
of energy transport consisting of electromagnetic waves traveling at the speed of light.

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HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

2 Principles of Air Conditioning

BASIC REFRIGERATION CYCLE

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2 Principles of Air Conditioning

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2 Principles of Air Conditioning

The refrigeration cycle uses four essential elements to cool.

 The system refrigerant starts its cycle in a gaseous state. The compressor pumps the
refrigerant gas up to a high pressure and temperature.
 From there it enters a heat exchanger (sometimes called a condensing coil or
condenser) where it loses energy (heat) to the outside, cools, and condenses into its
liquid phase.
 An expansion valve (also called metering device) regulates the refrigerant liquid to
flow at the proper rate.
 The liquid refrigerant is returned to another heat exchanger where it is allowed to
evaporate, hence the heat exchanger is often called an evaporating coil or evaporator.
As the liquid refrigerant evaporates it absorbs energy (heat) from the inside air, returns
to the compressor, and repeats the cycle. In the process, heat is absorbed from indoors
and transferred outdoors, resulting in cooling of the building.

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2 Principles of Air Conditioning

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2 Principles of Air Conditioning

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3. Types of Air Conditioning systems

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3. Types of Air Conditioning systems

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3. Types of Air Conditioning systems

Window Air Conditioning System

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3. Types of Air Conditioning systems

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3. Types of Air Conditioning systems

How Does a Window or Room Air Conditioner Work?
1.Room temperature reaches the thermostat’s set point, turning on the room or window air
conditioner’s blower. This draws room air through the air inlet grille and a filter that
removes airborne dust and particles.
2.Refrigerant is pumped through tubing in the unit, initiating the refrigeration process. This
refrigerant takes on and gives off heat as it raises and lowers in temperature, changing from
liquid to gas and then back to liquid.
3.When the refrigerant begins to circulate through the indoor coil, it is very cold. As the
blower pushes warm air across the coil, the refrigerant absorbs heat and turns into vapor.
4.The vapor travels to a compressor that pressurizes it and moves it through the condenser
coil, where it gives off heat, which is expelled outside.
5.The refrigerant then moves through an expansion device that converts it to a low-
pressure, cool liquid again, which then returns to the evaporator coil.
6.The cycle repeats. All the while, the blower pushes air past the cold coil to chill the air and
blow it back into the room.

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3. Types of Air Conditioning systems

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Split Air Conditioning systems

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