ASSIGNMENT OF Q.NO. 03 OF LESSON 9.

2
PRESENTATION FOR TOPIC OF
“PCV System Function And Working
Principle”
1.Need of PCV system in IC engine.
2.Function of PCV system.
3.Construction and working of PCV system.

Prepaired by
DEVESH JAISWAL
TRAINING OFFICER GOVT ITI NOHTA DISTT DAMOH (MP)
Need of PCV system in IC engine.

Positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) is a system used in internal combustion engines to prevent the
buildup of harmful gases and vapors in the engine's crankcase.
Here are some reasons why a PCV system is necessary in an IC engine:
 Reducing emissions: When the engine is running, some of the gases produced during combustion
leak past the piston rings and into the crankcase. Without a PCV system, these gases (called
blow-by gases) would escape into the environment, leading to increased emissions. The PCV
system helps to recirculate these gases back into the engine intake, where they are burned off
during the combustion process, reducing emissions.
 Protects engine components: The gases that leak past the piston rings also contain acidic
compounds that can corrode engine components such as bearings and other metal surfaces. The
PCV system helps to remove these corrosive gases from the crankcase, thus protecting the
engine.
 Improving fuel economy: The PCV system helps to maintain the proper air/fuel mixture ratio by
controlling the amount of air that enters the engine. This leads to improved fuel efficiency and
better engine performance.
Function of PCV system

Due to the high pressure inside the combustion chamber, some gases get leaked
from the piston rings into the crankcase. These blow-by gases are combustion
products that contain impurities. These impurities get mixed with the lubricating
oil and form a sludge in the crankcase. This sludge can corrode the engine
components.Thus the crankcase ventilation system removes the blow-by gases
from the crankcase by the use of the vacuum present in the intake manifold and
replaces them with fresh air. so Its main function is to recycle the blow by gases
that are generated in the engine's crankcase during combustion.
Construction of positive crankcase
ventilation system.
PCV valve Various parts of PCV system
 The various parts of the PCV system include:
 PCV valve: This is a one-way valve that controls the flow
of gases between the engine and the intake manifold. It
is usually located on the valve cover or the intake
manifold.
 Crankcase breather filter: This filter is located at the
opposite end of the PCV valve and allows fresh air to
enter the crankcase while preventing debris and
contaminants from entering.
 Vacuum source: The vacuum source is typically the
engine's intake manifold, which creates a negative
pressure that draws the gases out of the crankcase.
 Connecting hoses: These hoses connect the various
components of the PCV system, including the PCV valve,
crankcase breather filter, and vacuum source.
 Oil separator: Some PCV systems also include an oil
separator, which separates the oil from the gases before
they are recirculated back into the engine.

All of these components work together to ensure that the

engine's emissions are controlled and that harmful pollutants
are not released into the atmosphere.
Working of positive crankcase
ventilation system.
Working of positive crankcase
ventilation system.
 The PCV system works by redirecting the blow-by gases that escape from the
combustion chamber back into the engine's intake manifold. Blow-by gases are the
unburned hydrocarbons, water vapor, and other byproducts that are formed during
the combustion process, and they can cause pollution and contribute to the buildup
of harmful deposits inside the engine.
 In a typical PCV system, a valve is installed in the engine's valve cover or crankcase,
which is connected to the engine's intake manifold via a vacuum hose. The valve
regulates the flow of the blow-by gases, allowing them to enter the intake manifold
in a controlled manner. This helps to prevent the buildup of pressure inside the
engine, which can cause oil leaks and other problems.
 The PCV system also includes a breather element, which is a small filter that allows
clean air to enter the crankcase to replace the gases that are being vented. The
breather element prevents dirt and other contaminants from entering the engine
along with the fresh air.
END

THANKU