SUBANON SETTLEMENT SAMAL SETTLEMENT

The SUBANEN, WHO WRE OF INDONESIAN ANCESTRY AND ARRIVED IN ZAMBOANGA BETWEEN 2000 AND 6000 YEARS AGO, WERE TH REGION’S FIRST
INHABITANTS. THE MUSLIM ARRIVED, THEY WERE PUSHED INTO THE HIGHER CLASS OF PEOPLE WHO BELIEVE IN THE SPIRIT OF THEIR ANCESTOR AND THE FORCES
OF NATURE.LANDS AND LIVED ALONG THE RIVERBANKS, THEREFORE THE NAME "SUBA" MEANS PEOPLE OF THE RIVER. SUBANONS USUALLY MOVED FROM ONE
LOCATION.THEY CULTIVATE CROPS WITH RICE BEING THE MOST IMPORTANT CROPS, BUT THEY ARE ALSO KNOWN FOR RAISING ANIMALS; THEY CLEAR FOREST
FROM ONE FOREST FOR FIELDS;INCLUDING LIVESTOCK OF PIGS, CHICKENS, COWS, AND BUFFALO. THE SUBANON , ALSO CALLED AS "SUBANU" , "SUBANEN" ARE
THE BIGGEST GROUP OF LUMAD OR NON MUSLIM INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITY ON THE ISLAND OF MINDANAO WHICH MEANS "A PERSON OR PEOPLE OF
THE RIVER" MORE SPECIFICALLY "FROM THE RIVER" SINCE THEY ARE USUALLY DIFFERENTIATED FROM THE COASTAL PLAINS INHABITANTS OF ZAMBOANGA
PENINSULA.
THE FUNDAMENTAL DUALITY OF MORTAL LIFE AND IMMORTALITY IS EXEMPLIFIED BY SUBANON COSMOLOGY IN TERMS OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND
PRACTICES.THE KILAWAN (VISIBLE MORTALS) IS A SPIRITUAL REALM WITH A COMPLEX SYSTEM OF INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THESE TWO COSMIC
ELEMENTS.THE KANAGKILAWAN (SUPERNATURAL) EXISTING IN NONMATERIAL REALM, WHICH ARE NOT VISIBLE TO ORDINARY PERSONS, ARE INHIBITED THE
PHYSICAL WORLD.YET IT CAN BE PERCEIVED AND ADDRESSED BY THE BALIAN MORTALS (MEDIUM OR SHAMAN). THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF SUPERNATURAL
BEINGS CONSISTING OF THE GIMUUD (SOULS), MITIBUG (SPIRITS), GETAUTELUNAN (DEMONS), and DIWATA (DEITIES ). THE SUBANON BELIEVE IN THE
PARTICIPATING SPIRITOF THE NATURE IN PLACE OF THE PANTHEON OF SUPREME BEINGS OR THE HIERARCHY.
THE TYPICAL SUBANON SETTLEMENT IS A CLUSTER OF 3 TO 12 DISPERSED HOUSEHOLDS, LOCATED ON HIGH GROUND CLOSE TO SWIDDEN FARM. ITS HOUSE
ARE GENERALLY A RECTANGULAR THATCH ROOF WITH A SMALL FLOOR SPACE AVERAGING 12 SQM. . THE SUBANON HOUSE IN SINDANGAN BAY TYPIFIES THIS
TRADITIONAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIONS , IT HAS NO CEILING AND THE EXPOSED BEAMS ARE ACT AS THE CONVENIENT PLACES FROM WHICH TO HANG A
MULTITUDE OF THINGS. IT ALSO HAS NO WINDOWS BUT THE OVERHANG EAVES SERVES AS A PROTECTION FROM THE RAIN. THE SUBANON HOUSE IS DENSELY
THATCHED WITH NIPA FRONDS AND THE PITCH IS FAIRLY STEEP. SOME OF THE SUBANON HAVE BEGUN BUILDINGS HOUSES LIKE IN LOWLANDS
ONE OF THE NATIVES OF ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA ARE THE SAMALS OR SAMA. THEY LIVE IN HOUSES BUILT IN BAMBOO STILTS ALONG THE SEASHORE AND
THEIRMAIN OCCUPATION ARE FISHING AND TRADING. THE SAMA ARE SPREAD IN MANY PARTS OF MINDANAO. IN THIS PART OF THE COUNTRY, THIS INDIGENOUS
GROUPOF PEOPLE IS BEST KNOWN FOR THEIR SKILLS IN BOAT BUILDING, MAT WEAVING, AND PEARL DIVING. SOME OF THEM ARE ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE AND
THEIRPRINCIPAL CROP IS CASSAVA. ONE GROUP OF THIS TRIBE IS CALLED SAMA BANGINGI WHO USED TO LIVE IN TALUKSANGAY. "TALUK" IN THE SAMAL
LANGUAGE MEANS VIOLET, A FAVORITE COLOR OF SAMALS , WHILE "SANGAY" MEANS A SANDY PLACE WHERE BIRD FLOCKS. THE SAMAL KNOWN FOR THEIR
GRAVE MARKERS CARVED IN THE UKKIL TRADITION .
A SAMAL KINSHIP GROUPS LIVES IN A CLUSTER OF HOUSES USUALLY 100 TO 500 MEMBERS, IT IS STANDING ON WOODEN PILINGS ON THE SEASHORE. MOST
OFTHE SMALLER CORAL ISLANDS OF SULU AND TAWI- TAWI BUILD THEIR HOUSES ON PILES DRIVEN INTO THE REEF FLOOR BUT STILL CONNECTED TO THE SHORE
ANDTO ONE ANOTHER LABYRINTH OF WALKWAYS AND BRIGDE. THE ELEVATION OF THE HOUSE DEPENDS ON THE MAXIMUM HIGH TIDE LEVEL. TRADITIONAL
HOUSESUSED TO BE VERY TALL AND LARGE, SOME OF THEM TWO STORIES HIGH, WITH BALCONIES AND ELABORATE CARVINGS. THE SPACE BELOW USED AS THE
BATHROOM AND LAUNDRY ROOM ASIDE FROM THIS IT ALSO SERVED AS SHELTER FOR BOAT AND FISHING PARAPHERNALIA.
THE SAMAL'S BELIEF SYSTEM HAS BEEN DESCRIBED AS THE FOLK ISLAM BECAUSE IT IS A COMBINATION OF ISLAMIC AND FOLK BELIEFS. THE SAMALS ALSO
BELIEVED IN THE FIVE (5) PILLARS OF FAITH, CELEBRATE ISLAMIC HOLY DAYS AND LISTENING TO THE KHUTBA. THE SAMALS ALSO BELIEVED THAT THE
WORLDDIVIDED INTO MUSLIM TERRITORY (DAR-AL-ISLAM) AND NON-MUSLIM TERRITORY (DAR-AL-HARB). SOME ALSO BELIEVE THAT A JUGDEMENT IS RENDERED
ON THOSEWHO HAVE DIED, THE GOOD WILL GO TO A PLACE OF HAPPINESS (SULGH) WHILE THE BAD ONES GO TO A PLACE OF FIRE OR WHAT IT IS ALSO KNOWN
AS "NALKA." BUT MOST OF THEM BELIEVED ON "LUTAO" WHICH KNOWN THE GHOST OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE LED EVIL LIVES. THOSE LUTAO KILL PEOPLE BY
SUCKING THEIRBLOOD OR THE AIR OUT OF THEIR LUNGS BUT THIS LUTAO CANNOT SWIM YET THEY CAN FLOAT OVER THE WATER OR HITCH A RIDE ON
SOMEONE'S BOAT.

SAMAL HOUSES
SUBANEN PEOPLE
SUBANEN HOUSES

SAMAL PEOPLE

RATING LIOZO, STEPHANIE JOYCE N. PLATE NO. 2 DATE GIVEN : SHT. NO. CRITERIA : CRITERIA :
CULTURAL ORIGINS OF 1. EXPLANATION
GONZALES, KAREN JEAN F. SETTLEMENTS IN Z.C. DATE DUE: SEPTEMBER 14,2022
2. DEMONSTRATION
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AR 142 PLANNING 2 DATE SUBMITTED:
W. M. S. U. AR. TATEL, MANOLO L. , EnP SEPTEMBER 14,2022 3. GRAPHICS/MAPS