Presented by

Y.V.Janaki Ram
Asst.District Fire Officer
 PLANT LAYOUT PHILOSOPHY
 
A petroleum installation may be broadly
considered as a group of one or
more of the following units/ facilities:

1. Crude oil storage

2. Intermediate and finished product storage
3. LPG storage and handling facilities
4. Process units and control room
5. Product loading/unloading facilities
(Rail, Road and Pipelines)
6. Utilities generation and distribution
centers
7. Blow down and flare system
8. Waste water treatment facilities
9. Administrative and service buildings
(ware-house, workshop, canteen,
fire station, laboratory , first aid,
parking lot etc.)
 PETROLEUM
REFINERY
 Petroleum Refinery is a plant
where crude oil is received and
processed into intermediates and
finished products.
COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM
 Petroleum is an extremely complex mixture
made up of hundreds of compounds, mostly
hydrocarbons.
 It consists of Alkanes, cyclo alkanes, and
aromatic hydrocarbons.
 The ratio of the various components much
depends on the origin of the oil.
Alkanes (30 – 70 %)
Cyclo Alkanes or Naphthalene's (16 – 64% ).
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ( 8 – 15 % ).
COMPOSTION OF NATURAL GAS
 It is found above the petroleum deposits
in mines called Natural gas.
 It is a mixture of low molecular weight
Alkanes
 It is composed primarily of Methane
(80%),
Ethane (13%), Propane (3%), Butane
(1%), C₅ - C₈ Alkanes (0.5%) and
Nitrogen (13%).
OIL/ GAS PRODUCTION
PLANT

 Oil/Gas production plant is a

plant where oil and/or gas is
collected, stabilised and dispatched
for further processing.
 GAS PROCESSING
PLANT

 Gas processing plant is

a facility where natural gas is
received and processed to
make gas, LPG, condensate
etc.
LPG FILLING PLANT

 LPG filling plant is a plant

where liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG) is received/dispatched by
rail, road and pipeline and filled
in cylinders.
 OTHER PETROLEUM
STORAGE INSTALLATIONS
Other petroleum storage installations
include:
 Crude oil gathering stations
 Coastal storage installations for
crude oil and petroleum products
 Marketing depots and terminals
 Aviation storage and fuelling stations
 Pipeline installations/terminals
CLASSIFICATION OF PETROLEUM OILS
 According to the flash point of the oils the
petroleum oils are divided into three classes.
Class A
 these are light fractions with a flash point below 23
degree
E.g. LNG ( Methane & Ethane ) ,LPG (Propane & Butane )
 Aviation Spirit, Pentane,Benzene,Coal tar,Crude

Petroleum
 Heptanes,Hexane,Octane,Petrol (Motor Spirit, Benzene,

gasoline )
 Petroleum ether,Petroleum Naphtha,Toluene,Xylene

 Some jet aircraft fuel

 Class B
 Medium oils which have a flash point
between 23 degree & 65 degree.
 E.g. Jet fuels (Kerosene)
 White Spirit ( Turpentine substitute )
 Tractor Vaporizing oils
— Class "C" Petroleum:
Liquids which have flash point of
65oC and above but below 93 oC.
Ex.Gas oils,Diesel oils,heavy fuel oils.
— Excluded Petroleum:
Liquids which have flash point of
93 oC and above.
  Liquefied gases including LPG, do
not fall under this classification but
form separate category.
 Flash Point
 The minium temparature at which the
vapour produced from a fluid will ignite
with the presence of an ignation source.
 Ex. Diesel flash point is 57*c
 Typical Emergencies
(That can have Disaster Potential)
 Major Fire
 Explosion
 Flammable/Toxic vapours release
 Natural Disaster
 Civil Disturbances
 Sabotage or Terrorism
 Safety Management
 Occupational health & Safety
Policy
 Planning
 Implementation & Operation
 Checking & corrective action
 Management Review
 Cause of FIRE
 Heating System
 Friction
 Hot Surfaces
 Electricity
 Static Electricity
 Internal Combustion Engine
 Tools
 Smoking
 Flammable Substances
 Gases and Easily vaporisable Liquid
 Waste, debris and Spillage
 Flammable Liquid
 Flammable Compressed & Liquefied
Gases
 Protection Against Fire
 Structural Arrangement
 Fire Alarm and Detectors
 Extinction
 Fuel Starvation
 Smothering & Cooling
 Interface with the Reaction
 Fire Fighting