Fire fire fire fire fire

fire
fire
hazard
hazard hazard hazard
hazard hazard hazard
fire
combustion or burning, in which substances
combine chemically with oxygen from the air
and typically give out bright light, heat, and
smoke.

hazard potential source

of harm
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 Fire hazard
• a condition or material that may start or contribute
to the spread of fire
• include all types of live flames, causes of sparks, hot
objects, and chemicals that can ignite, or that can
aggravate a fire to become large and uncontrolled. 3
Fire triangle
• simple model for
understanding the necessary
ingredients for most fires.
• triangle illustrates the three
elements a fire needs to ignite
• can prevent fire or extinguish
fire by removing any one of the
elements in the fire triangle.

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fuel • material to burn to start fire
• any kind of combustible
material, including paper,
oils, wood, gases, fabrics,
liquids, plastics and rubber.
• characterized by its moisture
content, size, shape and
quantity and this will
determine how easily the fuel
will burn and at what
temperature.
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heat • must be present in order for
ignition to take place
• responsible for the spread
and maintenance of fire as it
removes the moisture from
nearby fuel, warming the
surrounding area and pre-
heating fuel in its path,
enabling it to travel and
develop with greater ease
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oxygen
• Needed for fire to keep
burning
• oxidizing agent in the
chemical reaction.

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Causes of fire
Top fire 10 common cause of fire in
the philippines:
causes:
• Cooking •Faulty Electrical Wiring
•Defective Electrical Equipment or Appliances
• Heating •Ovens and Stoves Left Unattended
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• Electrical •Cooking
•Lit Candle Unattended
• Smoking •Children Playing with Fire
•Improperly Stored Flammable Liquids
• Candles •Smoking Carelessly 8
•
Types of Fire
Types of fire
Source/ Materials
Class A Fires Solid materials: wood, plastics, textile, paper, clothing

Class B Fires Flammable liquids and gasses

Class C Fires Electrical (live electricity situations, exclude fires in

other materials started by electricity)
Class D Fires Combustible, easily oxidized metals such as
aluminum magnesium,
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titanium and zirconium
Special Categories Extremely active oxidizers or mixtures, flammable
containing oxygen, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide,
and solid missile propellant.

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Stages of fire
• Ignition
• Growth
• Fully Developed
• Decay

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Ignition (Incipient)
• Flame in its beginning stage
• Fires in this initial stage can be
extinguished or controlled by
portable firefighting equipment

An incipient fire can be defined by the

following factors:
• flames are small and aren’t widespread
• smoke allows visibility in the room
• the heat emitted from the flame is low (in
comparison with later stages) 11
growth
• Fire becomes harder to control
• growth of a fire will be affected by the
structure of the building and the fuel available.

The growth phases are characterized by the

following indicators:
• there are sufficient oxygen and fuel to support the
ongoing growth of the flame
• a defined layer of smoke above the flame
• the temperature in the room increases
• condensation disappears from windows
• brown stains on window glaze may appear
• cracks in windows 12
Fully developed
• this phase is where energy release is
at its greatest.
• the fire is at maximum temperatures
and causing the most heat damage.

Fully developed fires can be identified by the

following factors:
• darkened or black smoke
• dense smoke
• substantial heat
• blackened window glazing
• visible exterior flames
• flames obscured by smoke 13
decay
• fully developed flame starts
to run out of fuel or oxygen
• phase when the fire
decreases in intensity until it
is either a smolder or non-
existent

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Quiz time

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 Quiz time
1. What are the 3 elements of the
fire triangle? 6. Simple model for understanding
2. A condition or material that may the necessary ingredients for most
start or contribute to the spread fires.
of fire. 7. Responsible for the spread and
3. Phase of fire where energy release maintenance of fire.
is at its greatest. 8. Oxidizing agent in the chemical
4. Phase when the fire decreases in reaction in the fire triangle.
intensity. 9. combustion or burning, in which
5. Give 2 common causes of fire in substances combine chemically
the Philippines. with oxygen from the air.
10. What are the 4 stages of fire?
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