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DRUG EDUCATION

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AND
VICE CONTROL
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A drug is defined as a substance used as

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medicine or in the making of medicines,
which affects the body and mind and have
great potential for abuse. It can either be
natural and synthetic/artificial.
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Is any substance that directly alters

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the normal functioning of the central
nervous system.
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INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I
 A. DEFINITION OF TERMS

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Administer
Any act of introducing any dangerous drug into
the body of any person, with or without his/her

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knowledge, by injection, inhalation, ingestion or other
means, or of committing any act of indispensable
assistance to a person in administering a dangerous
drug to himself/herself unless administered by a
duly licensed practitioner for purposes of
medication.
Addict

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A person who habitually uses dangerous drug.

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Clandestine Laboratory

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Any facility used for the illegal manufacture of
any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor

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and essential chemical.
Cultivate or Culture

Any act of knowingly planting, growing, raising,

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or permitting the planting, growing or raising of any
plant which is the source of a dangerous drug.

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Drug Abuse

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It is the illegal , wrongful, or improper use of any
drugs.

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Drug Dependence

Refers to the state of psychic or physical

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dependence or both on dangerous drugs following the
administration or use of that drug. The periodic
continuous, repeated, administration of a drug

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As based on the World Health Organization
definition, it is a cluster of physiological, behavioral
and cognitive phenomena of variable intensity, in
which the use of psychoactive drug takes on a high
priority thereby involving, among others, a strong
desire or a sense of compulsion to take the
substance and the difficulties in controlling
substance-taking behavior in terms of its onset,
termination, or levels of use.
Drug Syndicate

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Any organized group of two (2) or more
persons forming or joining together with the
intention of committing any offense prescribed

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under this Act.
Detoxification

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The elimination of alcoholic substances from the
body, treatment of the withdrawal symptoms and
on medical regimen for physical rehabilitation.

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Entheogen

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Word which is often use to described the religious
and ritual use of psychedelic drugs in
anthropological studies, is associated with the

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idea that it could be relevant to religion.

Derived from the Greek word “entheos” which

means “god within”.
Pharmacology

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Based on etymology, it was derived from the greek
word “Pharmakon” which means “drug” and term
logia which means “study of”/ knowledge of”.

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The branch of medicine and biology concerned with
the study of drug action.
Pharmacodynamics

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The study of the biochemical and physiological
effects of drugs on the body or on

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microorganism or parasites within or on the body
and the mechanism of drug addiction an the
relationship between drug concentration and
effect.
Pharmacognosy

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The study of medicine derived from natural sources.

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The “study of physical, chemical, biochemical, and
biological properties of drugs, drug substances or
potential drugs or drug substance of natural origin as
well as the search for new drugs from natural
sources”.(American Society of Pharmacognosy)
Pharmacokinetics

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Sometimes abbreviaed as PK, from ancient greek
pharmakon “drug” and kinetos to do with motion.

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A branch of pharmacology dedicated to the
determination of the fate of substance
administered externally to a living organism. The
substance of interest include pharmaceutical
agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins.
Pharmaceutical Drug

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The pharmaceutical comes from the Greek work
“Pharmakeia”. The modern transliteration of
pharmakeia is Pharmacia.

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Also referred to as medicine or medication, can
be loosely defined as any chemical substance or
product comprising such intended for use in the
medical diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention
of disease.
Physical Dependence.

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An adaptive state cause by repeated drug use that
reveals it self by development of intense

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physical symptoms when the drug is stopped
{ withdrawal syndrome }
Psychological Dependence

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An attachment to drug use which arises from a drug

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ability to satisfy some emotional or personality needs
of an individual.
Prescription Drug

Also prescription medication or prescription

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medicine.

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A licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation
to require a medical prescription before it can be
obtained.
Planting of Evidence

The wilful act by person of maliciously and

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surreptitiously inserting, placing, adding or attaching
directly or indirectly, through any overt or covert act,

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whatever quantity of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical in the
person, house, effect or in, the immediate vicinity of
an innocent individual for the purpose of implicating,
incriminating or imputing the commission of any
violation of this Act.
“Rx”

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A short form for prescription drug in North
America. It is an abbreviation for the latin
“recipe”, an imperative form of “recipere”,

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meaning “take”.
Self Medication Syndrome

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A syndrome wherin users of drugs whose sources of
information are people or literature other than
Doctors, Pharmacists, and health workers.

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Tolerance

It is the tendency to increase dosage of drugs to

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maintain the same effect on the body.

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Toxicology

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Derived from the Greek word “toxicos” means
“poisonus” and logos.

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A branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine
concerned with the study of the adverse effects
of chemicals on living organisms.

It is the study of symptoms, mechanics,

treatments and detection of poisoning, especially
the poisoning of people.
Use

Any act of injecting, intravenously or

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intramuscularly, of consuming, either by chewing,
smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing, drinking or

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otherwise introducing into the physiological system
of the body, and of the dangerous drugs.
Tolerance

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Increase in the dose of the drug taken to feel the
same effect when he initially used it.

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OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS {OTC}

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The OTC are non prescriptive medicine , which maybe
purchased from any pharmacy or drugstore without

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written authorization from a doctor.
 
B. DOSAGE OF DRUGS

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Amount of drug in dose:

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Minimal dose

–the amount needed to treat or heat, that is, the

smallest amount of a drug that will produce a
therapeutic effect.
Maximal dose

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– the largest amount of a drug that will produce a
desired therapeutic effect, without any
accompanying symptoms of toxicity.
Toxic dose

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– the amount of drug that produce untoward

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effect of symptoms of poisoning.
Abusive dose

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– the amount needed to produce the side effects
and action desired by an individual who

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improperly uses it.

Lethal dose

– the amount of drug that will cause death.

C. METHOD OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

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 Oral – this is the safest most
convenient and economical route

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whenever possible.

- drug is taken trough the mouth

- safest and most comfortable but of
little bioavailability
 Injection – this form of drug
administration offers a faster

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response than the oral method.

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-Subcutaneous (under the skin)
- Intravenous (into a vein)
- Intramuscular (into the muscle)
-Intraosseous infusion (into the bone
marrow)
- Intrathecal (into the spinal canal)

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- Intraperitoneal (infusion or injection
into the peritoneum)

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- Intravesical infusion to the urinary
bladder
- Intravitreal, trhouh the eye
- Intracavernous injection, injection into
the base of the pennis
- Intravaginal administration, in the vigina
- Intrauterine
 Inhalation – this route makes use of
gaseous and volatile drugs, which are
inhaled and absorbed rapidly through the

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mucous of the respiratory.

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-nasal administration (trough the nose)
 Topical or Epicotenous – this refers to the
application of drugs directly to body site such as
the skin and the mucous membrane.

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- eye drops (onto the conjunctiva/membrane under

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eyelid)
- ear drops such as antibiotics and corticosteroids
- rectally, various drugs in suppository
 Iontophoresis – the introduction of drugs into the
deeper layers of the skin by the used of special
type o f eclectic current for local effect

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- also called electromotive drug administration

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(EMDA)
- a technique using a small electric charge to
deliver a medicine or other chemical through the
skin; essentially it is an injection w/o needle
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IONTOPHORESIS
 D. DANGEROUS EFFECT OF DRUGS

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Toxicology – is commonly known as the
science of poisons, their effects and

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antidotes.

Overdose – when too much of drug is

taken into the physiological system of
the human body, there may be an over
extension of its effects.
Allergy – some drugs cause the
release of histamine giving rise to

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allergic symptoms such as
dermatitis, swelling, fall in blood

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pressure, suffocation and death.

Idiosyncrasy – it refers to the

individual reaction to drug, food,
etc. for unexplained reason.
Side Effect – some drugs are not
receptors for one organ but

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receptors of other organ as well.

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Poisonous Property – drugs are
chemicals and some of them have
the property of being general
protoplasmic poison.
 E. SOME MEDICAL USES OF DRUGS

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1. Analgesic – are drugs that relieve
pain.

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2. Antibiotics – are drugs that combat
or control infectious organisms.
3. Antipyretics – those that can lower
body temperature or fever due to

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infection.

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4. Antihistamines – those that control
or combat allergic reactions.
5. Contraceptives – drugs that

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prevent the meeting of the egg
cell and sperm cell or prevent the

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ovary from releasing egg cells.

6. Decongestant – those that

relieve congestion of the nasal
passage.
7. Expectorants – those that can
ease the expulsion of mucus and

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phlegm from the lungs and the
throat.

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8. Laxatives – those that
stimulate defection and
encourage bowel movement.
9. Sedatives and Tranquilizers –
are those can calm and quite the

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nerves and relieve anxiety
without causing depression and

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clouding of the mind .
10. Vitamins – those substances
necessary for normal growth and

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development and proper functioning
of the body.

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F. DRUGS USED IN IMPOSING DEATH
PENALTY

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1. Primary – Sodium Thiopental (sodium pentothal)
- Induce unconsciuosness

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- Lethal dose – 2-5 mg
- Effect - 10 seconds

2. Secondary – Pancuronium bromide (pavulon)

- To cause muscle paralysis and respiratory
arrest.
- 100mg
3. Tertiary – Potassium chloride (KCl)
- To stop the heart functions

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- Lethal dose – 100mg

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Under the new protocol
1. Primary – Sodium thiopental
- 5mg – intravenous
2. Secondary – Midazolam
- 100mg intramuscular &
hydromorphone
- 40mg intramuscular
G. DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF
DRUGS

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Legal Classification of Drugs

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1. Legal/Regulated Drugs
Laws and regulations control the availability,
quality and price of the “legal” drugs. For
example, tobacco may not be sold to persons
under the age of 18.

2. Illegal/Prohibited drugs
Drugs prohibited by law under RA 9165
3. Volatile Substance (PD 1619)
The group of liquid, solid or mixed substances

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having the property of releasing toxic vapors or
fumes which when sniffed, smelled, inhaled or

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introduced into the physiological system of the
body produces or induces a condition of
intoxication, excitement or dulling of the brain
system.

Commonly known as solvents or inhalants. They

include butane gas, aerosol, sprays, petrol, glue,
lacquers, and paint thinners.
 Types of Drugs based on the effect to the CNS

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1. DEPRESANTS
- a.k.a. “downers”, are any drug that reduces

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the functioning of the central nervous system or
any part of the body.
- small quantities cause the user more relaxed
and less inhibited.
- larger quantities can cause unconsciousness,
vomiting and even death.
TYPES OF DEPRESSANTS:
Narcotics – are drugs, which relieve pain

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and produce profound sleep or stupor
when introduced to the body.

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Opium – derived from a poppy plant[papaver
somniferum] popularly known as ‘gum’,

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‘gamot’ ‘kalamay’ or ‘panocha’.

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 The opium poppy is the key source for many narcotics,
including morphine, codeine, and heroin

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Morphine – most commonly used and
best used opiate.

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- first derivative of opium
- addiction ton it is known as

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“soldiers disease”.
Heroin – is three to five times powerful
than morphine from it is derived and

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most addicting opium derivative.
- called as the “miracle drug”. named

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after the word “Hero”.
Codeine – a derivative of morphine,
commonly available in cough

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preparations.
 Codeine is an opiate and prodrug of morphine mainly

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used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea.
Paregoric – a tincture of opium in
combination with camphor.

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- an opiate drug. Use: to relieve
pain and coughing.

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Barbiturates – are drugs used for inducing
sleep in persons plagued with anxiety,
metal stress, and insomnia.

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- manufactured synthetically as salts of
barbituric acid.

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- slang terms:
> pentobarbital-”yellow jackets”
> secobarbital-”red devils”
> amobarbital- “blue devils”/blue birds
> amosbarbital-”rainbow”/ rainbow
Tranquilizers – are that calm and
relax and diminish anxiety.

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Volatile Solvent – gaseous

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substances popularly known to
abusers as ‘gas’ ‘teardrops’.
Alcohol – the king of all drugs with
potential for abuse.

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- # 1. abused substance

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Cannabis – Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
is the active ingredients in marijuana

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responsible for its high feeling.

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 OPIUM DERIVATIVES

MORPHINE

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Morphine is a strong opiate analgesic drug and

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is the principal active agent in opium it acts
directly on the central nervous system
relieving pain.
First isolated in 1804 by the German
pharmacist Friedrich Wilhelm Adam
Sertürner, who named it "morphium" after
Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams. In
Greek mythology Morpheus was the son of
HEROIN

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Also known as Diacetylmorphine, is a
semi-synthetic opioid. It is the 3,6-

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diacetyl derivative of morphine
(hence diacetylmorphine) and is
synthesised from it by acetylation.
Heroin is five times stronger than
morphine, an is known as the most
potent opium derivative.
C.R. Alder Wright,
CODEINE

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Methylmorphine is an opiate used

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for its analgesic, antitussive and
antidiarrheal properties. It is
marketed as the salts codeine
sulfate and codeine phosphate.
 Are drugs that affect the central

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nervous system causing alertness. They
curb hunger and make the user awake.

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TYPES OF STIMULANTS:
1. Cocaine
2. Amphetamine
3. Caffeine
4. Nicotine
Amphetamines – used medically for weight reducing in
obesity, relief of mild depression and treatment.

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Cocaine – the drug taken from coca bush plant
[Erythroxylon Coca] grows in south America.
Caffeine – it is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks

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and some wake – up pills.
Shabu/ ‘poor man’s cocaine – chemically known as
methamphetamine hydrochloride.
Nicotine – an active component in tobacco which acts as s
powerful stimulant of the central nervous system.
 FORMS OF COCAINE
1. Cocaine sulfate - produced by grinding coca leaves along with water that has been
acidulated with sulfuric acid, or an aromatic-based solvent, such as benzene. This is
usually accomplished by putting the ingredients into a vat and stamping on it, in a

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manner similar to the traditional method for crushing grapes.
2. “Freebase” - the base form of cocaine, as opposed to the salt form of cocaine
hydrochloride. Whereas cocaine hydrochloride is extremely soluble in water, cocaine

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base is insoluble in water and is therefore not suitable for drinking, snorting or
injecting. The peak of the freebase rush is over almost as soon as the user exhales
the vapor, but the high typically lasts 5–10 minutes afterward. Freebasing, while
powerful, ultimately causes chronic paranoia and loss of sound judgment in the user.
. Crack cocaine. The end result of this method is that the cut, in addition to the
ammonium salt (NH4Cl), remains in the freebase cocaine after the mixture is
evaporated. The “rock” that is thus formed also contains a small amount of water.
Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is also preferred in preparing the freebase, for
when commonly "cooked" the ratio is 50/50 to 40/60 percent cocaine/bicarbonate.
This acts as a filler which extends the overall profitability of illicit sales. Baking
soda is now most often used as a base rather than ammonia for reasons of lowered
stench and toxicity; however, any weak base can be used to make crack cocaine.
 Are drugs that affect the central

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nervous system causing distortion of
perception for time and space. They

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induce illusions, delusions or
hallucinations.
1. Marijuana
2. Lysergic acid dietylamide
3. Ecstacy (MDA, MDMA)
4. PCP, Psilocybin mushroom and
Peyote
Marijuana – it is the most commonly abused hallucinogen in
the Philippines because it can be grown extensively in the
country.

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Lysergic Acid Diethylamide[LSD] – this drug is most powerful
of the psychedelics obtained from ergot, a fungus that
attacks rye kernels.

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Peyote – is derived from the surface part of a small gay
brown cactus.
Mescaline –it is the alkaloid hallucinogen extracted from the
peyote cactus and can also be synthesized in the
laboratory.
STP – it is a take-off on the motor oil additive.
Psilocybin – this hallucinogenic alkaloid from small Mexican
mushrooms are used in Mexican Indians today.
Morning Glory Seeds – the black and brown seeds of the wild
tropical morning glory that are used produced
hallucinations.
 THE THREE MOST POPULAR PLANTS
AS SOURCE OF DANGEROUS DRUGS
The Marijuana Plant

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The term marijuana is a Spanish-Mexican term used to refer to the Indian hemp plant, can
grow in tropical region and attains an approximately height of 15 to 20 feet.
Scientifically named as Cannabis Sativa Lima. It have a sexual differentiation being a
dioucious [ separate male/ female plan]. The female known as Pistillate shorter but long

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lived. The male plant is called the Staminate taller but short lived. Its leaves formed a
finger like look odd in numbers from 3 up 13 finger like leaves. The resin called hashish
can be found on the most top portion of the female plant. The active ingredient called
cannabin the one produces tetrahydrocannibinnol concentrated alkaloid which is 5 to 20
times stronger than plain marijuana.
The Opium Poppy Plant
The opium poppy is scientifically known as Papaver Somniferum. The word Papaver is a
Greek term which means poppy while the word Somniferum is a Latin term which means
dream/ induced sleep. The plant can grow from 3 to 6feet in height originally in
Mesopotamia.
The Coca Bush Plant
The coca bush plant is scientifically known as Erythroxylon Coca common in South
America. The plant grows in mountainous and tropical climate areas, on clay like soil, a
fully grown coca plant attains a height of 6 to 8 feet and can harvested 3 to 4times in a
year. Cocaine is the drug can produce in this plant. The most powerful natural stimulant
known as cocaine hydrochloride.
 DRUGS ABUSE
The term “Drugs Abuse” most often refers to the of a drugs with
such frequency that is cause physical or mental harm to the user or

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impairs social function.
The term drug is commonly associate with substances that may be
purchased legally with prescription for medical use.

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Improper and wrongful use of drugs.

Concept of drug Dependence

Drugs abuse must be distinguish from drug dependence. Drugs
dependence, which called drugs addiction, is defined by:

three basic characteristics (Groiler, 1995).

 The users continue to take a drug over an extended period of time.

 The users find it difficult to stop using the drug. They seem

powerless to quit the drugs use.

 The users stop taking their drug – only if their supply of the drug is

cut off, or if they are forced to quit for any reason – they will
undergo painful physical or mental distress.
 DRUG ADDICTION
 
Drug addiction is a state of mind in which a person has lost the power of self-control in

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respect of a drug. He consumes the drug repeatedly leaving aside all values of life. In
others words a drug addict will resort to crime even, to satisfy his repeated craving for the
drug. The effects of addiction are mainly deteriorative personality changes.
Characteristics of Drug Addict

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One or more of the following attributes characterizes drug addiction:
Uncontrollable Craving – the addiction feels a compulsive craving to take drug repeatedly and
tries to procure the same by any means.
Tolerance – it is the tendency to increase the dose of the drug to produce the same effect as
to that of the original effect.
Addiction- the addict is powerless to quit drug use.
Physical Dependence – the addict’s physiological function is altered. The body becomes sick,
inactive and incapable of carrying out useful activity in the absence of the drug. The
withdrawal syndromes will occur once the drug use is stopped.
Psychological Dependence – emotional and mental discomfort exist to the individual. The drug
addict feels he can not do without the drugs, consequently if he does not take carryout his
work efficiently.
Withdrawal Syndrome – the addict becomes nervous and restless when he does not get the
drug. After about 12 hours, he starts sweating. His nose and eyes become watery and
continue doing so increasingly for another twelve hours. It is followed by vomiting, diarrhea,
loss of appetite and sleep. Respiration, blood pressure and body temperature
 GROUP CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS
In order to understand the groups of people who abuse

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drug the group classification of drug addict are presented
as:
Situational Users – those who use drugs to keep them awake

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or for additional energy to perform an important work.
Such individual may or may not exhibit psychological
dependence.
Spree Users – school age users who take drugs for “kick” an
adventurous daring experience or as a means of fun. There
may be some degree of psychological dependence but little
physical dependence due to the mixed pattern of use.
Hard Core Addicts – those, whose activities revolve almost
entirely around the drug experience and securing supplies.
They show strong psychological dependence on the drug.
Hippies – those who are addicted to drugs believing that
drug is an integral part of life.
 TYPES OF DRUG USERS
 Top level dealers: They refer to a select outwardly respectable adult persons who trade large
quantities of drugs to support their high class lifestyle. Also known as upscale dealers. Due to
their money and influence, they rarely wind up in jail or prison.

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 Smugglers: They import drugs or its precursor to a territory, generally they are considered as
persons with strong organizational skills, middle aged or older, with capital and established
connections.
 Stash dealers: They are mostly adolescents who distribute and sell small amount of drugs.

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They sell drugs to maintain a constant access to drugs for their own consumption. Their
customers are mostly friends, personal acquaintances including their relatives.
 Pushers: They are adolescents who frequently sell drugs to multiple dug users. They use
persons as fronts to acquire drugs and asks others to distribute the same in return for a small
commission.
 Street level drug runners: They are teenage drug dealers who commit other delinquent acts.
They usually operate with a crew who act as look-out, recruiters, sellers. Between small drug
trade they engage in other unlawful activities such as robbery, theft and other violent crimes.
They obtain drug by means of consignment, and then the goods are sold on the street.
 Drug involved losers: They refer to those adolescents who cycle in and out of the criminal
justice system. They do not have the ability to join gangs but commits unplanned crimes that
increase their chances of apprehension. They are described as heavy drug users, who earn a
living by guiding customers and first time users to a seller, touting drug availability to a
dealer. To the illcit drug trade, they are considered as undesirables who cannot be trusted to
handle drugs or money.
 Drug using persisters: They make up the majority of drug users. Estimated to
comprise two thirds of chronic drug dependents, they started substance abuse
while young and continue to reach drugs after they reach adulthood. Most of them
have low nonverbal IQ’s and poor physical coordination.
 Adult predatory drug users: They begin substance abuse in early adolescent

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stage and continue doing drugs and crime. They are mostly poor school
performers, with limited skills. Their lifestyle can be characterized as poly drug
abusers, committing predatory crimes, getting arrested for their criminal acts
and doing time. When their resources dry up, they usually become street junkies

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who are unreliable and likely to become police assets.
 Stabilized junkies : They refer to adult predatory drug users who are rarely
arrested. They are known for calculated violence which are carefully planned and
coordinated. They are most likely to use recreational drugs they are sometimes
referred to as “winners” who have learned skills and enable them to maintain
normal lifestyles, they may opt to drug dealing to obtain contact with other
suppliers. They are mostly members of the workforce, earning legitimate income
but does little to reduce substance abuse or illegal dealing activities.
 Women users: Women who are drug involved offenders comprise a separate
classification of substances users. Women are less likely to be addicted to drugs
than male offenders. But those who choose this alternative and degrading
lifestyle are mostly prostitutes who engage in low level drug trade.
 DRUG TRAFFICKING

Drug Abuse has become not a national issue or a problem of just a few countries but
it is a clear and present global danger.

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THE FIRST IMPORTANT DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE
Middle East - discovery, plantation, cultivation, harvest
Turkey - preparation for distribution
Europe - manufacture, synthesis, refine

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U.S - marketing
THE SECOND DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE
1. GOLDEN TRIANGLE composed of the three countries:
Burma/ Myanmar
Laos
Thailand
Southeast Asia – the golden triangle approximately produced 60 % o opium in the
world, 90% of opium in eastern part of Asia;
GOLDEN CRESCENT composed of the four countries
Iran
Afghanistan
Pakistan
India
Southwest Asia – the golden crescent is the major supplier of opium poppy, MJ and
Heroin products in the western part of Asia :
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1. Intense feeling of humiliation and guilt are felt
by family members;

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2. Self-esteem are generally low among the
members of the family;
3. The spirit of togetherness or unity are broken;
4. Occurrence of domestic violence;
5. Loss of money or valuable;
6. Loss of unity among family members.
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1. Increase of petty crimes in the community
(Physical Injuries, rape, hold-upping, bag
snatching, stealing by “akyat-bahay gang”

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and “bukas-kotse gang” and others)
2. Increase of drug dependent and drug pusher
in the community;
3. Fear of community residents to drug
dependents specially at night;
4. Neighborhood association becomes inactive.
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1. Increase in heinous or anti-social crimes;
2. Increase of immorality and loss of moral fiber

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of the society (Prostitution, pedophilia, child
abuse);
3. Downfall of social values of the country;
4. Limited movement of people especially at
night time for fear of the drug dependent.
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1. Corruption of some law enforcement
personnel;

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2. Ineffective application and implementation of
Dangerous Drug Law;
3. Produces bad image and credibility to the
Police Agency;
4. Loss of trust, confidence and integrity among
some police personnel;
5. Coddling of the drug dependent by the police
personnel.
PROCESS OF DETECTING DRUGS ABUSERS

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 The detection of drug abusers involves five processes namely:
Observation
Observation of the signs and symptoms of drug abuse may take

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relatively a long period of time. Good sensory equipment and a high
degree of objectivity are two requirements for good observer. To
be an effective observer, the observer should not let his own
personal judgment and reactions effect his observation.
History Taking
Collateral Information (Interview with information) –
The best information is form the patient himself, but collateral
information is necessary. Ideally, a parent or close relative or a
close friend should be present to furnish useful details as to the
different changes observed in the patience that made them
suspect the subject is abusing drugs.
Interview with Patient – Inquire regarding the drug being abused, onset of
his drug taking activity, reason for abusing drug, how support his vice,
etc.
Accurate laboratory examinations cannot be performance by any ordinary
chemist since detection of dangerous drugs requires sophisticated equipment
and apparatus, special chemical reagent and most of all, the specialized
technical know – how.
Psychological Examination

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This phase of drug detection requires the expertise of trained psychologist.
Teachers therefore are not in a position to administer psychological
examination among their student.
Intelligence Test – the test is designed to cover a wide variety of mental

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function with special emphasis on adjustment comprehensive and
reasoning.
Personality Test – this type of test is used to evaluate the character and
personality traits of an individual such as his emotional adjustment,
interpersonal relation, motivation and attitude.
Aptitude Test – this test to measure the readiness with which the
individual increases his knowledge and improves skills when given the
necessary opportunity and training.
Interest Test – this is designed to reveal the field of interest that a client
will be interested in.
Psychiatric Evaluation – it is a process whereby a team of professionals
composed of psychiatrist, psychologist, and psychiatric social workers
conduct a suffering from psychiatric disorder.
TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION APPROACH
Assisting the drug Abuser
1. Treatment- the medical service rendered to a client for the

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effective management of the physical and mental conditions
related to drug abuse.

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Aims of treatment
A. to prevent death from overdose.
B.to treats complications following drug dependency.
C. to make them comfortable during the withdrawal period.
D. to encourage confirmed drug dependent clients to undergo
rehabilitation and other specialized services

Detoxification- it is a medically supervised elimination of drugs

from the system of any addicted person.
 
Methods of detoxification include:
1. Cold turkey- self drugs withdrawal.
2. Substitution-the use of methodex, catapres, haemasin,

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dextropropoxyphene, tranquilizer, etc.
3. Reduction method- using the same drugs to which the
patient is dependent.

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2. rehabilitation- the dynamic process directed towards
the physical, emotional psychological, vocational, social
and spiritual change to prepare a person for the fullest
life compatible with his capabilities and potentialities,
and render him able to become a law abiding and
productive member of the community without abusing
drugs.
 
1. Psychotherapeutic methods.
A. individual therapy-this involve a one to one relationship whose
aims to help the patient reduce his drug abusing behaviour and
develop insight into his condition.

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B. group therapy- this is a form of therapy where the individual is
helped through group process.
C. unstructured group therapy- the role of the therapist can be

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assumed by the entire group or group members.
D. the family therapy- this form of intervention is based on
recognition that while the family as a primary social unit, can
be a source of problem leading to drug abuse, can also be a
powerful factor.
2. The spiritual and religious means
This is the development of moral and spiritual values of the
drug dependent.
3. The follow-up and after-care
The process of rehabilitation does not end upon the release or
discharging of client from a center.
 
 Duration of rehabilitation
 If the patient is found to be an opiate abuser,
the treatment prescribed shall be for a period of
not less than six months.

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  
 Criteria of rehabilitation

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 1. The patient achieves a drug-free existence.
 2. He becomes adjusted to his family and peers.
 3. Socially integrated to the community.
 4. The client is not involved in socially deviant
behaviours.
 NATIONAL CAMPAIGN STRATEGIES

Demand Reduction Strategy – This strategy can be carried

out through the following

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Preventive education and information campaigns to prevent
further demand of society particularly the youth.

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Treatment and rehabilitation of drug dependents.
Supply Reduction Strategy – this strategy can be carried
out through the following.
Dangerous Drug Law Enforcement
Judicial and Legislative measures
International Cooperation strategy – this strategy can be
carried out through the following.
International interdiction
Coordination with the Interpol
Linkage s with the ASEAN community
UN anti drug conventions
 
 ANTI-DRUG OPERATION
Buy-Bust Operations

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Concept: it is a form of entrapment employed by peace officers as an effective way
of apprehending a criminal in the act of commission of the offence.
 

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Search for Drug Evidence with Warrant
Concept: a search warrant is an order in writing issued in the name of the People of
the Philippines, signed by a judge and directed to peace officer, commanding him to
search for personal property described therein and bring it before the court.
 
Marijuana Eradication
Concept: Marijuana eradication involves the location and destruction of marijuana
plantation, including the identification, arrest and prosecution of the planter, owner
or cultivation, and the escheating of land where the plantation are located
 
Airport/Seaport Interdiction
Concept: Airport and seaport interdiction involves the conduct of surveillance,
interception and interdiction of persons and evidence during travel by air or sea
vessels.
 Controlled Delivery
Concept: this is the technique of following illicit or suspect consignment of
narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or substances substituted for them
to pass out of trough or into the territory of one or more countries, with
the knowledge and under the supervision of their competent authorities

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with a view to identifying person involve in the commission of drug related
offences.
 
Undercover Operations

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Concept: Under cover operation is an investigative technique in which the
personnel involve assumes different identities in order to obtain the
necessary information. This technique may also be considered as a method
of surveillance.

Narcotic Investigation
Concept: narcotic investigation is a necessary tool employed by drug
enforcement agencies in building up relevant and competent evidence, which
are vital in the development of a drug case. Several investigative techniques
may be utilized for the successful attainment of the operation this include
but not limited to use of informants, interviewing, interrogation, surveillance
operations and undercover operation.
Initial Investigation and Tactical Investigation { follow-up }
Post Operation and Custodial Investigations
After Investigation, inquest, Prosecution and filing of the case, then trial of the case.
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 DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT
OPERATION

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 Sometimes referred to as anti-drug operation, is
an official action conducted by the PDEA and any
authorized law enforcement agency with the aim

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of achieving reduction of illicit supply and
demand of dangerous drugs and controlled
precursors and essential chemicals.
COVERAGE OF ANTI-DRUG
OPERATION

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I. Buy-bust
II. Search and Seizure with Warrant
III. Eradication

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IV. Mobile Checkpoint Operation
V. Ports and Parcel [Airport] Interdiction
VI. Maritime [Seaport] Interdiction
VII. Controlled Delivery
VIII. Raid on Clandestine Laboratory
IX. Compliance and [Chemical] Diversion Investigation
X. Case Operation
 BUY – BUST

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 Refers to entrapment employed
by drug enforcers as an

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effective way of apprehending
a criminal in the act of the
commission of the offense.
 SEARCH & SEIZURE WITH
WARRANT

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- Conduct of Anti-Drug Operation by Virtue of a
Warrant of Arrest.

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Search Warrant - an order in writing issued in the
name of the People of the Philippines, signed by a judge
and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to
search for personal property described therein and
bring it before the court.
 ERADICATION

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Refers to the detection & destruction of
plantations of marijuana, opium poppy,

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coca bush and other plants which are
sources of dangerous drugs, including
the identification, arrest and
prosecution of the planter, owner or
cultivator, & the escheating of the land
where the plantations are located.
 MOBILE CHECKPOINT OPERATION

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Mobile Check Point Operations
Concept: No other forms of check point other

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than mobile checkpoint are authorized for drug
enforcement and prevention operations.
 
 INTERDICTION
 Refers to the interception of illegal drugs being

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smuggled by air, sea, or land.

Maritime Interdiction Operation - refers to the

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conduct of surveillance, interception of drugs and
controlled chemicals and arrest of traffickers at
Philippine maritime jurisdictions.
Airport Interdiction – refers to the conduct of
surveillance, interception and interdiction of persons
and evidence during travel by aircraft.
 CONTROLLED DELIVERY
The investigative technique of allowing an unlawful

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suspect consignment of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical,
equipment or paraphernalia, or property believed to

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be derived directly or indirectly from any offense,
to pass into, through or out of the country under
supervision of an authorized officer, with a view to
gathering evidence to identify any person involved in
a dangerous-drug related offense or to facilitate
prosecution of that offense.
 RAID ON CLANDESTINE
LABORATORY

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Clandestine Laboratory - refers to any facility used for
the illegal manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or

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controlled precursor or essential chemical.
 COMPLIANCE & CHEMICAL
DIVERSION INVESTIGATION

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Compliance Investigation – refers to an official action
conducted by the PDEA to ensure compliance by license

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holders and prevent diversion of dangerous drugs and
controlled precursors and essential chemicals.
 PROCEDURES IN CONDUCTING BUY – BUST
OPERATION

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1. The BB operations must be must be covered by an
operations plan, & should be preceded by intensive
surveillance and casing operations.

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2. Prior to the BB operation, a test buy maybe conducted.
3. A poseur-buyer shall be designated and the “buy-bust”
money shall be officially obtained from the Office and
shall be duly marked or dusted with ultra-violet
powder by the Laboratory Service (LS) or any other
authorized government agency.
4. The operating elements should ensure that the suspect
accepts [gets hold of] the marked or dusted money
before giving the pre-arranged signal for the arrest of
the suspect.
5. In pre-positioning of the team members, the
designated arresting elements must clearly and
actually observe the negotiation/transaction

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between the suspect & poseur-buyer.
6. After the arrest, the arresting elements shall
search the body of the suspect and vehicle, if any,

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and the immediate vicinity for the recovery of the
buy-bust money and other concealed evidence or
deadly weapon.
7. The seizing officer must prepare detailed copies of
the inventory of confiscated evidence following the
guidelines in Section 6, Rule IV of this Manual.
 PROCEDURES IN THE APPLICATION
OF SW

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1. Once the identity, movements, activities & location of the suspect are
established, a TB shall be undertaken to test the genuineness of the
stuff in the possession of the would-be target personality.

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2. Submit the evidence obtained in the TB at the PDEA LS for laboratory
examination. If it yielded positive for dangerous drugs, application for
search and deposition of two (2) witnesses who have personal
knowledge of the subject of search shall be prepared/applied.
3. The SW shall be valid for 10 days from date of issuance. Afterwhich,
the officer to whom it was assigned for execution shall make a report
to the judge who issued the warrant. In case of his failure to execute
the warrant, he shall state the reason thereof.
 GAINING ENTRY IN SW OPERATION
1. If all members of the search party are not totally

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familiar with each other, then they should wear some
obvious, external means of identification.
2. The perimeter of the premises should be secured

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before entry. All Doors and windows should be under
observation.
3. It is the TL’s responsibility to read & explain the
SW to the responsible occupant in the presence of
at least two (2) witnesses preferably barangay/town
officials or responsible persons in the area.
4. In case of resistance, the entering/raiding group
shall decisively subdue the suspect/s with the use of
necessary and reasonable force. The agent first
entering the premises must announce their identity
and purpose.
 SEARCH PROCEDURE
After the entering/raiding group has secured its entry into the

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1.
premises, the search group and evidence custodian shall enter the
premises for the conduct of the search.

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Only those personal properties particularly described in the
search warrant shall be seized wit:
 Properties that are subject matter of the offense;
 Properties that are stolen or embezzled & other proceeds or
fruits of the offense;
 Properties used or intended to be used in the commission of
an offense;
 Properties or items/objects which are illegal per se; and
 Those that may be used as proof of the commission of the
offense.
 SEARCH PROCEDURE
If the premises to be searched have two or more rooms or enclosures,

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2.
each room or enclosure must be searched one at a time.
3. The evidence custodian, under the supervision of the TL, shall take
actual physical inventory of the evidence seized by weighing or

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counting, in the presence of the witnesses to include the suspect who
must be placed under arrest upon discovery of any of the items
described in the SW.
4. The owner or occupant of the premises & the 2 witnesses shall be
made to execute and sign a certification that the search was
conducted in an orderly manner in their presence and that nothing was
lost or destroyed during the search and nothing was taken except
those mentioned in the SW. If the suspect or occupant of the
premises refuses to sign the documents, his refusal therein must be
indicated.
 REQUIREMENTS FOR
COORDINATION
 Prior to the conduct of operations, the ff shall be

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submitted to the NOC, POS & PDEA RO concerned: 
PDEA Units:

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1. Authority to Operate
2. Pre-Operation Report
Non-PDEA Units:
1. Coordination Form
2. Pre-Operation Report
 Only a copy of the “Authority to Operate” and “Coordination Form” shall
be presented to support the legitimacy of the operation, if needed by
the Court.

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 The POR shall be treated with confidentiality and copy thereof shall not
be made an integral part of the complaint/information for purposes of
the filing of appropriate cases in Court since it contains the summary of

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information of the target personality.
  
 In case the operational target involves Filipino-Chinese, Chinese and
other foreign nationals the “Coordination Form” or “Authority to
Operate” and the Certificate of Coordination (COC) must be approved
and signed by the PDEA Director General, respectively. In the absence
of the Director General, the designated Officer-In-Charge of PDEA
could approve it and sign the COC in his behalf. During the conduct of
surveillance and/or negation operations, as the case may be, at least one
(1) PDEA organic personnel shall go along with the non-PDEA operating
unit. The concerned PDEA Regional Offices shall provide personnel for
this purpose. This guidelines must also be followed in case the
surveillance or negation operations concerns clandestine laboratories
and/or chemical storage facilities. (Note: Refer to PDEA Memoranda
dated November 14, 2006 and February 19, 2007 for reference.)
 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs

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Act of 2002

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President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo repealed RA
9165 to give more teeth to the governments drive
against drug trade and addiction. It provides stiffer
penalties for illegal drug possession and pushing but
at the same time seeks to protect the country’s most
precious resource, the youth.
The implementing rules and regulations were
promulgated and became effective on 15 November
2002.
 Known as

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Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

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- Consolidation of House Bill No. 4433 and
Senate Bill No. 1858
- Repealing RA 6425, the Dangerous Drug Act of
1972 - Approved and Signed by the President on
June 7, 2002 - Took Effect on July 4, 2002
- Consist of 13 Articles and 102 Sections

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 ARTICLE II
UNLAWFUL ACTS
AND PENALTIES
SECTIONS TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES

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4 Importation of - Import or bring into the - Life Imprisonment to
Dangerous Drugs Philippines any Dangerous Drugs Death -
and/or Controlled regardless of the quantity and Fine Ranging from
Precursors and purity involved including any 500T to 10M pesos

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Essential Chemicals and all species of opium poppy or
any part thereof or substances
derived therefrom even for floral
decorative and culinary purposes

- Use of Diplomatic passport, - Maximum penalty of

diplomatic facilities or any other Death
means
- Unless authorized by Law, - 12 yrs and 1 day to 20
import controlled precursor and years
essential chemical.
- Organizes, manages or act as - Maximum penalty of
financier Death
- Protector / Coddler - 12 yrs and 1 day115to 20
years
SECTIONS TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES
5 Sale, Trading, - Unless authorized by law Sell, - Life imprisonment to
Administration, Trade, Administer, Dispense, Death and a fine of
Dispensation, Deliver, Give away to another, 500T to 10M pesos
Delivery, Distribution Distribute, Dispatch in transit or

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and Transportation Transport any dangerous drugs
of dangerous Drugs including any species of Opium
and/or Controlled poppy regardless of the quantity
Precursors and and purity involved
Essential Chemicals - Act as broker in any such other

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transaction

- Unless authorized by Law, - 12 yrs and 1 day to 20

SHALL Sell, Trade, Administer, yrs and a fine ranging
Dispense, Deliver, give away to from 100T to 500T pesos
another, Distribute, dispatch in
transit or transport
- Any Controlled Precursor

- If STADDD or T within 100m -Maximum Penalty of

from the school Death
- Pusher who use minor or mentally -Maximum Penalty of
incapacitated individuals as runner, death
couriers and messengers or in any
capacity directly connected to the
dangerous drugs and or controlled
precursor and essential chemical
trade 116
SECTIONS TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES
5 cont’d - If the victim of the offense -Maximum Penalty

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is minor or a mentally of Death
incapacitated individual or
should a dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor

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and essential chemical
involved in any offense
herein provided be the
proximate cause of death of
a victim

- Organizes, manages or -Maximum Penalty

acts as a financier of Death

- Protector/Coddler - 12 years and 1 day

to 20 years

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SECTIONS TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES
6 Maintenance of a - Maintain a den, dive or resort -Life imprisonment to
Den, Dive or Resort where any dangerous drugs is Death and a fine
used or sold in any form ranging from 500T to

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10M pesos

- Maintain a den, dive or resort - 12 years and 1 day to

where any controlled precursor 20 yrs and a fine
and essential chemical is used or ranging from 100T to

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sold in any form 500T pesos
- Where any dangerous drug is - Maximum penalty of
administered, delivered or sold Death
to a minor who is allowed to use
the same in such a place

- Should any dangerous drugs be - Maximum penalty of

the proximate cause of death of a Death and a fine
person using the same in such ranging from 1M to
den, dive or resort, (the 15M pesos
maintainer owner and/or
operator)

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SECTIONS TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES
6 cont’d -If such den, dive or resort is - Confiscated and
owned by a third person, escheated in favor of
provided : the Government

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* Specifically allege in the
Criminal Complaint that such
place is intentionally used in the
furtherance of the crime

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* Prove such intent on the
part of the owner to use such
property for such purpose
* Owner shall be included in
the criminal complaint

- Organizes, manages a acts as a -Maximum Penalty of

financier of any of the illegal Death
activities

- Protector/Coddler - 12 years and 1 day to

20 years and a fine of
100T to 500T 119
SECTIONS TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES
7 Employees and -Any employee of a den, 12 yrs and one day
Visitors of a Den, dive or resort who is aware to 20 years and a

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Dive or Resort of the nature of the place. fine from 100T to
-Is aware of the nature of 500T
the place as such and shall
knowingly visit the same

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8 Manufacture of -Any person, unless Life imprisonment
Dangerous authorized by the law shall to death and a fine
Drugs and or engage in the manufacture of 500T to 10M
Controlled of any dangerous drugs pesos
Precursors and
Essentials
Chemicals Any person unless 12 yrs and 1 day to
authorized by law shall 20 yrs and a fine of
manufacture any controlled 100T to 500T pesos
precursor and essential
chemical.
120
Cont’n Sec. 8. Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and/or
Controlled Precursors & Essentials Chemicals

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- The presence of any controlled precursor and essential chemical or
laboratory equipment in the clandestine laboratory is a prima facie proof of
manufacture of any dangerous drug. It shall be considered an aggravating

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circumstances if the clandestine laboratory is undertaken or established
under the following circumstances
a. Any phase of the manufacturing process was conducted in the presence or
with the help of minor(s);
b. Any phase or manufacturing process was established or undertaken within
one hundred (100) meters of a residential, business, church or school
premises;
c. Any clandestine laboratory was secured or protected with booby traps;

121
d. Any clandestine laboratory was concealed

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with legitimate business operations; or
e. Any employment of a practitioner, chemical

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engineer, public official or foreigner
- Any person who organizes, manages or act
as financier
*Maximum penalty of Death
- Protector / Coddler * 12 yrs. & 1 day to 20
yrs. Fine of 100T to 500T pesos
SECTIONS TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES
11 Possession of Shall posses any Dangerous Drugs in the Life imprisonment to
Dangerous drugs following quantities regardless of the Death; and
degree of purity Fine of 500T to 10M pesos
- 10 gms or more of Opium

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- 10 gms. or more Morphine
- 10 gms. or more of Heroin
- 10 gms. or more of Cocaine or cocaine
Hydrochloride

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- 50 gms. or more of
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or
Shabu
- 10 gms. or more Marijuana resin or
Marijuana resin oil
- 500 gms or more of Marijuana
- 10 gms. or more other drugs, such as:
*MDMA or Ecstacy
*PMA-Paramethoxy amphetamine
*TMA–Trimethoxy amphetamine
*LSD–Lysergic acid diethylamine
*GHB-Gamma Hydroxy butyrate

- 10 gms. or more but less than 50 gms of - Life Imprisonment

Shabu Fine of 400T to 500T pesos

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SECTIONS TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS
11 con’t - 5 gms. Or more but less than 10
grams of Opium, Morphine, Heroin,
cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride,
marijuana resin or marijuana resin
oil, methamphetamine hydrochloride
or “shabu” or other drugs such as
MDMA, PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB
- 300 grams or more but less than
500 grams of marijuana
-Less than 5 gms. of Opium,
Morphine, Heroin, cocaine or
cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana
resin or marijuana resin oil,
methamphetamine hydrochloride or
“shabu” or other drugs such as
MDMA, PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB
- less than 300 grams of marijuana
PENALTIES
-20 years and 1 day to
Life Imprisonment and
Fine of 400T to 500T
pesos
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-20 years and 1 day to
Life Imprisonment and
Fine of 400T to 500T
pesos
-12 years and 1 day to 20
years and a Fine of 300T
to 400T pesos
-12 years and 1 day to 20
years and a Fine of 300T
to 400T pesos
124
SECTIONS TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES

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15 Use of -Positive or use of any
Dangerous dangerous drugs after
Drugs confirmatory test

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*First offense
- 6 months
Rehabilitation in
government
*Second Time
center

- Imprisonment
of 6 years and 1
day to 12 years .
Fine of 50T to
200T pesos
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Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous
Drugs

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Any person who unless authorized by law

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shall make or issue a prescription or any writing
purporting to be prescription for any dangerous
drug shall be penalized with

life imprisonment to death or a fine ranging

from 500,000.00 to 10,000.000.00.
 Confiscation and Forfeiture of the Proceeds or Proceeds
Instruments of the Unlawful Act including the properties or

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Derived from the Illegal Trafficking of Dangerous Drugs and/or
Precursors and Essential Chemicals –
Every penalty imposed for these unlawful act shall carry

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with it the confiscation and forfeiture in favor of the
Government, of all the proceeds and properties derived from
the unlawful act including but not limited to money and other
assets obtained thereby and the instruments or tools with which
the particular unlawful act was committed unless they are the
property of a third person not liable for the unlawful act, but
those which are not of unlawful comment shall be ordered
discharged without delay pursuant to the provision of Sec 21 of
the act.
Procedure:
1.) After conviction of the suspect in the RTC where the

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criminal case was tried, the court shall immediately schedule a
hearing for the confiscation and forfeiture of all the proceeds of
the offense and all the assets and properties of the accused either

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owned or held by him or in the name of some other persons of
the same shall be found to be manifestly out of to his/her lawful
income.
2.) If the forfeited property of which, the same shall be
auctioned off not later than five (5) days upon order of
confiscation or forfeiture.
3. During the pendency of the case in the RTC, no property
or income derived there from which maybe confiscated and
forfeiture shall be disposed, alienated or transferred and the
same shall be in custodia legis and no bond shall be admitted for
the release of the same.
 Uses of the Proceeds of Any Sale or Disposition of
any Property Confiscated or Forfeited under this

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Section:

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1) It shall be used to pay all proper expenses incurred in
the proceedings for the confiscation, forfeiture, custody and
maintenance of the property pending disposition as well as
expenses for publication and court costs.
2) The proceeds in excess of the above expenses shall
accrue to the Board to be used in its campaign against illegal
drugs.
 Custody and Disposition of Confiscated, Seized
and/or Surrendered Dangerous Drugs, Plant sources

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of Dangerous Drugs, Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals, Instruments, Paraphernalia
and/or Laboratory Equipment.

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The PDEA shall take charge and have custody of
all dangerous drugs, plant sources of Dangerous
Drugs, Controlled Precursors and Essential
Chemicals, Instruments, Paraphernalia and/or
Laboratory Equipment for proper disposition using
the following procedure.
1. The apprehending team having initial custody and control. Of the
drugs shall immediately after seizure and confiscation conduct
physical inventory and photograph the same in the presence of

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a. Accused or the person/s from whom such items were
confiscated and/or seized..

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b. His/her representative or counsel.
c. A representative from the media.
d. A representative from the Department of Justice.
e. Any elected public official who shall be required to sign the
copies of the inventory and be given a copy thereof.
2. Submission to the PDEA Forensic Laboratory within twenty
four (24) hours from confiscation/seizure of dangerous drugs,
plant sources of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and

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essential chemicals as well as instruments/paraphernalia and/or
laboratory equipment for a qualitative and quantitative
examination.

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3. A certification of the examination results which shall be done
under both by the forensic expert shall be issued within 24 hours
after the receipt of stated items subject to the following
conditions:
a. If the volume of the confiscated dangerous drug items
does not allow the completion of testing within the time frame, a
partial laboratory examination report shall be temporarily
issued stating therein the quantities of dangerous drugs shall
be examined by the forensic laboratory.
 b. A final certification shall be issued with the completed
forensic laboratory examination or the same within the next
twenty four (24).
4. After the filing of the criminal case against the suspect, the

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Court shall within 72 hours has conducted an ocular inspection
of the confiscated seized and/or surrendered items and through
the PDEA shall within 24 hours thereafter, proceed with the

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destruction or burning of the same or witnessed by:
a. Accused or from whom such items were confiscated
and/or seized.
b. His/her representative or counsel
c. Representative from the Media
d. Representative from DOJ
e. Civil Society Group
f. Any elected public official.
5. The Board shall then issue a sworn certification as to the fact
of destruction or burning of the subject items which together

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with the representative sample in he custody of the PDEA shall
be submitted to the court having jurisdiction over the case. In all
instances, the representative sample duly weighed and

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recorded is retained.
6. The alleged offender or his/her representative or counsel shall
be allowed to personally observe all of the above proceedings
and his/her presence shall not constitute an admission of guilt. If
the accused refuses or fails to appoint a counsel after due notice
in writing to the accused or his counsel within 72 hours before
the actual burning of destruction, the Secretary of Justice shall
appoint a member of the PAO (Public Attorney’s Office) to
represent the former.
7. After the promulgation and judgment in the criminal case
wherein the representative sample was presented as evidence in

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court, the trial prosecutor shall inform the Board of the final
termination of the case and in turn shall request the court for
lease to turn over the said representative sample to the PDEA

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for proper disposition and destruction within 24 hours receipt of
the same.
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Custody and Disposition of Confiscated,
Seized, and/or Surrendered Dangerous Drugs,
Plant Sources of Dangerous Drugs,
Controlled Precursors and Essential
Chemicals, Instruments/Paraphernalia and/or
Laboratory Equipment
 SEIZURE / CONFISCATION

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immediately
INVENTORY / PHOTOGRAPH

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Within 24 hours
PDEA Forensic Laboratory
(conducts quantitative and qualitative exam)

Within 24 hours
If volume manageable If not manageable
Complete Laboratory Result issued Partial Result
(under oath) Issued
Within 24 hours
72 hrs. after filing of case in court
continuation…
OCULAR INSPECTION

Within 24 hours

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COURT (THRU PDEA) SHALL CAUSE DESTRUCTION/BURNING
(provided a representative sample recorded and retained)

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Immediately /24 hrs
Board Issues Sworn Certification of Destruction/Burning
& Representative Sample (w/ PDEA) Forwarded to Court for Evidence

RESOLUTION OF CASE / COURT DECISION

Within 24 hours from receipt of evidence

DESTRUCTION / BURNING OF REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE
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SUBJECT: Guidelines on Custody and Disposition of Seized
Dangerous Drugs, Controlled Precursors and Essential
Chemicals and Laboratory Equipment
SECTION 1. Definition of Terms.

SECTION 2. Seizure or confiscation of dangerous

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drugs or controlled chemicals or
laboratory equipment.

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xxx
“a. …Provided, further that non-compliance with these
requirements under justifiable grounds, as long as
the integrity and the evidentiary value of the
seized items are properly reserved by the
apprehending officer/ team shall not render void
and invalid such seizures of and custody of said
items” (Section 2 para (a), sentence 3 of
the Guidelines)
xxx
SECTION 3. Turnover of seized drugs or controlled
chemical or laboratory equipment and
submission of report.

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SECTION 4. Laboratory analysis and/or

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identification of equipment.

SECTION 5. Custody and safekeeping

SECTION 6. Early disposal of seized dangerous drugs
and controlled chemicals.

Provides for the specific maximum quantities that are to be

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retained; as well as details on who, where, when and how
shall the disposition/ destruction be undertaken.

SECTION 7. Drug Evidence Tracking and Inventory.

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SECTION 8. Disposal of seized drugs or controlled
chemicals or laboratory equipment
including paraphernalia or instruments for
scientific, medical and training purpose.

SECTION 9. Transitory Provision.

SECTION 10. These guidelines shall take effect fifteen

(15) days after its publication in a
newspaper of general circulation.
 08/31/2023
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SUBJECT: Faithful and Efficient Compliance with the
Requirements of R.A. 9165 Otherwise Known
as the “Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act
of 2002”, Particularly Section 21 Paragraph
4 Thereof”
“In order to forestall the suspicion on the

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“recycling” of dangerous drugs and to ensure the
safety of the community where said dangerous

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drugs and substances are located, you are hereby
REMINDED of the pertinent provisions under
paragraph 4 Section 21 of Republic Act No.
9165 otherwise known as the “Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002” which mandates
the immediate destruction and/or disposition of
seized dangerous drugs and substances. x x x
Sec. 22. Grant of Compensation, Reward and
Award. – The Board shall recommend to the

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concerned government the grant of
compensation, reward and award to any

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person providing information and to law
enforcers participating in the operation, which
results in the successful confiscation, seizure
or surrender of dangerous drugs, plant
sources of dangerous drugs, and precursors
and essential chemicals.

145
Sec. 27. Criminal Liability of a Public Officer or Employee for
Misappropriation, Misapplication or Failure to Account for the
Confiscated, Seized and/or Surrendered Dangerous Drugs, Plant
Sources of Dangerous Drugs, Controlled Precursors and Essential

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Chemicals, Instruments/Paraphernalia and/or Laboratory Equipment
Including the Proceeds or Properties Obtained for the Unlawful Act
Committed. – The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine

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ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten
million pesos (P10,000,000.00), in addition to absolute perpetual
disqualification from any public office, shall be imposed upon any
public officer or employee who misappropriates, misapplies or fails to
account for confiscated, seized or surrendered dangerous drugs, plant
sources of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential
chemicals, instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment
including the proceeds or properties obtained from the unlawful acts
as provided for in this Act.
 Criminal Liability for Planting of
Evidence – any person who is found

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guilty of planting any dangerous drugs

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and/or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals, regardless of
quantity or purity shall suffer the
penalty of death.
 Dangerous Drugs Test and Record

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Requirements

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1. Authorized during testing shall be done by any government
forensic laboratories or by any of the drug testing
laboratories accredited and monitored by the DOH to
safeguard the quality of test results.
2. The drug testing shall employ among others two (2) testing
methods, the screening test which will determine the positive
result as well as the type of the drug used and the
confirmatory test which will confirm a positive screening
test.
3. Drug test confiscates issued by accredited drug testing centers shall be
valid for one year period from the date of issue which may be used for
other purposes.

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4. The following shall be subjected to undergo drug testing:
a. Applicants for driver’s license – no driver’s license shall be issued
or renewed to any person unless he/she presents a certification that he has

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undergone a mandatory drug test indicating that he is free from the use of
dangerous drugs.
b. All applicants for firearm’s license and for permit to carry firearm
shall undergo a mandatory drug test to ensure that they are free from the
use of dangerous drugs.
c. Students of Secondary and Tertiary Schools – students of Secondary
and Tertiary schools shall pursuant to the related rules and regulations as
contained in the school’s student handbook and with notice to the parents
undergo a random drug testing. Provided that all drug testing expenses
whether in public or private schools under this section will be borne by the
government.
 d. Officers and employees of public and private offices whether
domestic or overseas shall be subjected to undergo a random drug test as
contained in the company’s work rules and regulations which shall be

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borne by the employer for purposes of reducing the risk in the workplace.
Any officer or employee found positive for use of dangerous drugs shall be
dealt with administratively which shall be a ground for suspension or

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termination subject to the provision of Article 282 of the Labor Code and
Pertinent Provision of the Civil Service Law.
e. Officers and members of the military police and other law
enforcement agencies shall undergo an annual mandatory test.
f. All persons charged before the prosecutor office with a criminal
offense having an impossible penalty of not less than six (6) years and one
(1) day shall have to undergo a mandatory drug test.
g. All candidates for public office whether appointed or elected both in
the national or local government shall undergo a mandatory drug test.
 Laboratory Exam or Test or Apprehended/arrested Offenders –
Subject to Sec 15 of this act, any person apprehended or arrested for

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violating the provision of this act shall be subjected to screening
laboratory examination or test within 24 hours, if the apprehending or
arresting officer has reasonable ground to believe that the person
apprehended or arrested, in account of physical signs or symptoms or

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other visible or outward manifestation is under the influence of dangerous
drugs. If found to be positive, the results of the screening laboratory exam
or test shall be challenged within 15 days after receipt of the result
through a confirmatory test conducted in any accelerated analytical lab
equipment with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer or some such
modern and accepted method, if confirmed the same shall be prima facie
evidence that such person has used dangerous drugs which is without
prejudice for the prosecution for the other violations of the provision of
this Act. Provided that a positive screening laboratory test must be
confirmed for it to be valid in a court of law.
 Promotion of a National Drug Free

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workplace Program with the Participation of
Private and Labor Sectors and the
Department of Labor and Employment

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It is deemed a policy of the state to promote drug
free workplaces with the assistance of DDB and
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
shall develop, promote and implement a national
drug abuse prevention program in the workplace to
be adapted by private companies with ten (10) or
more employees.
 Program for Treatment and Rehabilitation of

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Drug Dependents

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Voluntary submission of a drug dependent to
confinement, treatment and rehabilitation – A drug
dependent or any person violates Section 15 of the
act may by himself/herself or through his/her parent,
spouse, guardian or relative within the 4th degree of
consanguinity or affinity apply to the Board or duly
recognized representative for the treatment and
rehabilitation of the drug dependent.
If the exam of the DOH accredited physician results in

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the issuance of a certification but the applicant is a drug
dependent he/she shall be ordered by the court to

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undergo treatment and rehabilitation in a Center
designed by the Board for a period of not less six (6)
months. Provided that a drug dependent may be placed
under the care of DOH accredited physicians where
there is no center or accessible to the residence of the
drug dependents or where said drug dependent is below
18 years of age and is a first time offender and non
confinement in a center will not pose a serious danger to
his/her family or the community.
 Confinement in a center for treatment and

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rehabilitation shall not exceed one (1) year, after
which time the court as well as the Board shall be

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appraised by the head of the treatment or
rehabilitation center of the status of the said drug
dependent and determine whether further
confinement will be for the welfare of the drug
dependent and his/her family or the community.
 Exception from the Criminal Liability under the voluntary
submission program of a Drug Dependent Program – a drug
dependent under the voluntary submission program who is

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finally discharged from confinement, shall be exempt from the
criminal liability under Sec 15 of this Act subject to the
following conditions:

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1. He/she has complied with the rules and regulations of
the Center, the applicable rules and regulations of the Board,
including the after care and follow up program for at least 18
months following temporary discharge from confinement in
the center or in the case of a dependent placed under the case
of DOH accredited physician, the after case program and
follow up schedule formulated by the DSWD and approved by
the Board.
 2. He/she has never been charged or connected of any
offense under this act, the Dangerous Drugs Act 1972 or RA

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6425 as amended, the Revised Penal Code as amended or any
Special Penal Law.
3. He/she has no record of escape from a center. Provided

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that had he/she escaped, he/she surrendered by himself/herself
or through his/her parent, spouse, guardian or relative within
the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity within one (1)
week from the date of the said escape.
4. He/she poses no serious danger to himself/herself, his/her
family or the community by his/her exemption from criminal
liability.
 158

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 The DDB estimates that
there are now about 1.8M
regular users and some

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1.6M occasional users all
over the country.

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In 1972, there were only about
20,000 drug users in the country
and most of them were using only
marijuana.
 08/31/2023
Main drug of abuse today

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SHABU
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The second drug of choice
among drug abusers

MARIJUANA
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A new drug in the market
which is becoming popular
among the moneyed members
of our society.

ECSTASY
REORGANIZATION OF THE
PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM

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• Creation of the new Dangerous Drugs
Board (DDB) that serves as the

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policy and strategy formulating body.

 The Philippine Drug

Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
as its implementing arm. 163
 08/31/2023
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OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT

Dangerous Drugs Board

PDEA

164
 Republic Act 9165
Comprehensive Dangerous Act of 2002

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 Signed June 7, 2002

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 Published June 19, 2002
 IRR formulated and approved August 30,
2002 and published October 31, 2002
 Abolished PNP Narcotics Group, NBI
Narcotics Unit, Customs Narcotics
Interdiction Office and DEP Center
 The implementing rules and regulations
were promulgated and became effective on165
 Republic Act 9165
Comprehensive Dangerous Act of 2002

08/31/2023
Created

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Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
Implementing arm of the DDB
Responsible for efficient and
effective law enforcement of all
provisions on any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and 166
 ARTICLE IX
Section 92. – Delay and Bungling in the Prosecution of Drug

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Cases

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Any government officer or employee tasked with the
prosecution of drug related cases under this Act, either as
prosecutor, prosecution witness, or as law enforcement
agent, who, through patent laxity, inexcusable neglect,
unreasonable delay or deliberately causes the
unsuccessful prosecution and/or dismissal of the said
drug cases, shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment
ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty
(20) years without prejudice to his/her prosecution under
the pertinent of the Revised Penal Code.
NATIONAL ANTI-DRUG STRATEGY
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 Developed the National Anti-Drug Strategy
on October 27, 2002
THE NATIONAL ANTI-DRUG STRATEGY

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Strategies Objectives
1st Prong: Supply and Demand Reduction Campaign Reduce to zero, or at least minimize, the profits
- prevention and control of production, processing, derived from illicit drug activities through Supply

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trafficking, financing, retailing & consumption of Reduction and Demand Reduction
dangerous drugs, precursors and essential  
chemicals and plant sources of dangerous drugs  

2nd Prong: Development/Reform Package - includes Eradicate, or at least alleviate, the deficiencies in the
alternative development and/or livelihood, family
country that abet the drug menace and thereby
solidarity, education, enhancement of the Criminal
Justice System, legal reform to address the preempt our people from becoming victims of drug-
deficiencies that breed the drug problem in the related crimes; and
country.

3rd Prong: People Empowerment Campaign - Motivationally enlighten, empower and mobilize the
conduct of motivational enlightenment, organization people to participate in and support the Criminal
and mobilization of as many people as possible to Justice System and the Government Machinery so
participate as force/resource multipliers. The that Participatory Democracy shall be
ultimate goal is to realize and harness People Power institutionalized in our society.
against the drug menace nationwide.
NATIONAL ANTI-DRUG PROGRAM OF ACTION
ROLE OF THE CITIZENS IN THE ANTI- DRUG
CAMPAIGN UNDER RA 9165
 The citizens are the first line of

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defense against the drug menace
 Their first role in the anti-drug
campaign is to be law-abiding

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 ROLE OF THE CITIZEN IN THE ANTI-
DRUG CAMPAIGN (RA 9165)

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ARTICLE IV

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 Participation of the Family, Students,
Teachers and School Authorities in the
Enforcement of RA 9165
 ROLE OF THE CITIZEN IN THE ANTI-
DRUG CAMPAIGN (RA 9165)

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ARTICLE IV
 Section 41 – Involvement of Family

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 The family, being the basic unit of
the Filipino society, shall be
primarily responsible for the
education and awareness of the
members of the family on the ill-
effects of dangerous drugs and for
close monitoring of family
members who may be susceptible
to drug abuse.
 ROLE OF THE CITIZEN IN THE ANTI-
DRUG CAMPAIGN (RA 9165)

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ARTICLE IV
 Section 42 – Student Councils and Campus Org’ns

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 All elementary, secondary and
tertiary schools’ student councils
and campus organizations shall
include in their activities a program
for the prevention of and deterrence
in the use of dangerous drugs, and
referral for treatment and
rehabilitation of students for drug
dependence.
 ROLE OF THE CITIZEN IN THE ANTI-
DRUG CAMPAIGN (RA 9165)

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ARTICLE IV
 Section 43 – School Curricula

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 Provides that instruction on drug
abuse prevention and control shall
be integrated in the elementary,
secondary and tertiary curricula of
all public and private schools,
whether general, technical,
vocational or agro-industrial, as well
as in non-formal, informal and
indigenous learning system.
 ROLE OF THE CITIZEN IN THE ANTI-
DRUG CAMPAIGN (RA 9165)

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ARTICLE V

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 Promotion of a National Drug-Free
Workplace Program with the Participation
of Private and Labor Sectors and the
Department of Labor and Employment
 ROLE OF THE CITIZEN IN THE ANTI-
DRUG CAMPAIGN (RA 9165)

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ARTICLE VI

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 Participation of the Private and
Labor Sectors in the Enforcement of
this Act
 ROLE OF THE CITIZEN IN THE ANTI-
DRUG CAMPAIGN (RA 9165)

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ARTICLE VI
 Section 49 – Labor Organization and the Private Sector

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 All labor unions, federations,
associations, or organizations in
cooperation with the respective private
sector partners shall include in their
collective bargaining or any similar
agreements, joint continuing programs
and info campaigns for the laborers
with the end in view of achieving a
drug-free workplace
 ROLE OF THE CITIZEN IN THE ANTI-
DRUG CAMPAIGN (RA 9165)

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ARTICLE VII

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 Participation of Local
Government Units
 ROLE OF THE CITIZEN IN THE ANTI-
DRUG CAMPAIGN (RA 9165)

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ARTICLE VII

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 Section 51- Local Gov’t Units Assistance
 LGUs shall appropriate a substantial
portion of their annual budgets to
assist in or enhance the enforcement
of RA 9165, giving priority to
preventive or educational programs
and the rehabilitation or treatment of
drug dependents.
 ROLE OF THE CITIZEN IN THE ANTI-
DRUG CAMPAIGN (RA 9165)

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ARTICLE VII

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 Section 52 – Abatement of Drug Related Public Nuisances
 Any place or premises which have
been used on two or more occasions
as the site of the unlawful sale or
delivery of dangerous drugs
PDEA INITIATIVES

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 “Operation: Private Eye” was
initiated to counter public apathy
and fear in reporting illegal drug

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activities by granting monetary
reward and anonymity to anyone
who would provide information that
will lead to seizure or confiscation
of illegal drugs and arrest of illegal
drug personalities

 The project has already rewarded

three informants with P1.3 million
as approved by the Private Eye
Rewards Committee
 Drugs Test Used Color Reaction

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Opium Marquis Test Purple/ Violet

Heroin Nitric Acid Yellow-Green

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Morphine Nitric Acid Red Orange

Cocaine Cobalt Thiocyanate Blue

Barbiturates Dille – Kopanyl Test / Violet

Zwikker Test
Amphetamines Marquis Test Red/Orange- Brown

LSD Para Amino BenZoic Acid ( Purple

PABA)
Marijuana Duquenois – Levine Test / Red Bottom layer
KN Test
Shabu Symone’s Test Purples
 VICE CONTROL
Vice

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It is any immoral conduct or habit, the indulgence of
which leads to depravity, wickedness or corruption.
Importance of the Study of Vice

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1. The study of vice is important because these crimes are ever
present and persistent in all forms of society.
2. It is important because its evil effects are more disastrous,
morally and physically that other crimes.
3. It is important because commercialized vice disrupt the
social make-up of the community.
4. It is important because vice effect the daily lives of more
people that may other crime.
5. It is important because its existence caused a serious
problem in law enforcement.
 FOUR MOST PERSISTENT AND
COMMON FORMS OF VICES

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 alcoholism,
 drug addiction,

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 prostitution and

 gambling.
 ALCOHOLISM

   It is the state or condition of a person produced by

drinking intoxicating liquors excessively and with habitual

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frequency.
 The practice of alcohol consumption as stimulants dates
back to the early time of human civilization. The

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commercial use of wine is recorded as before time of the
Code of Hammurabi (2380 B.C.) In the Philippines, the use
of alcohol is traced to be earlier than the rediscovery of
the islands by the Spaniards. Very few are aware of the
fact that alcohol is a drug which is commonly available to
the public.
Alcoholics
Person who, from the prolonged and excessive use alcoholic
beverages develops physical and psychological changes and
dependence on alcohol.

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Kinds of Intoxication
1. Involuntary

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When a drunk person does not know the intoxicating
strength of the beverage he has taken.
2. Intentional
When a person deliberately drinks liquor, fully knowing its
effects, either to obtain mitigating or to find the liquor as
stimulant to commit crime.
3. Habitual
When the person finds that drinking is a constant necessity
and the vice ultimately takes hold of him.
 VARIOUS DEGREE OF INTOXICATION
 
1. Slight Inebriation (10 to 100 mg/100 cc)

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There is reddening of the face, and there is no sign of mental impairment, in-
coordination and difficulty of speech.
2. Moderate Inebriation (100 - 200 mg./100 cc.)

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The person is argumentative and overconfident, and there is slight impairment
of mental faculties, difficulty of articulation, and loss of coordination of finer
movements.
3. Drunk (200 – 300 mg./100 ml.)
The mind is confused and disoriented, there is difficulty in speech and marked
motor in-coordination and often walking is impossible.
Very drunk( 300-400 mg./100 ml.) –, the mind becomes confused and dis-oriented.
There is difficulty of speech and marked poor motor coordination. Walking may be
hard for persons diagnosed, there is increased disassociation leading to stupor
4. Coma (400 mg. and above/100 ml)
The subject is stuporous or in a comatose conditions, and sometimes it is
difficult to differentiate this conditions with other conditions having coma.
 
Tests for Alcohol:
 Blood alcohol determination is a reliable index of alcoholic content of one’s
body. For the test to be dependable 5 cc. amount of blood is sufficient and
must be sent to the laboratory for analysis within 30 minutes after blood
extraction by means of needle. If there is 0.05 percent or less by weight of

08/31/2023
alcohol in a person’s blood it is presumed that the subject is not under the
influence of intoxicating liquor. If there is 0.16 % or more by weight of
alcohol in a person’s blood, the subject is declared as under the influence of
liquor.

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 urine may also be examined to determine alcohol level. Sample of urine must not
be taken at one time only because urinary excretion of alcohol varies with
time. Excretion is less during the early stage of absorption and maybe more
than that in the blood during later stage.
A breathalyzer is an apparatus that may be used to indirectly determine the
quantity of alcohol consumed by a subject by measuring the absorption of
light by potassium dichromate before and after the reaction to alcohol.
Physical tests which may be used to determine drunkenness and are available to
law enforcement officers to determine whether a person is under the
influence of liquor or not.
 
 METHODS OF TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOLISM:
 Aversion Treatment – This therapy seeks to create distaste from alcohol by
administration of a nauseating drug to be followed by a drink of liquor resulting
to the dislike of alcohol. It is costly since it requires the need for prolonged

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hospitalization. The effect may not last long and it may be repeated, it is
considered effective in one out of two cases.
Psycho Therapy Method – This remedy depends upon showing that the real

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problem of the alcoholic is not the alcohol itself but the emotional problem
which urges the sufferer to drink intoxicating substances. This method aims to
do away with emotional tension and stress, through interviews, it undertakes to
make the alcoholic be aware of the reason why he consumes too much alcohol
and provide him/her with the strength necessary to address his problems.
Program of Alcoholic Anonymous – This treatment is based on conversion and
fellowship. It gives emphasis that alcoholics understand their situation better
than anyone else; that man is dependent on God and must turn to him for help;
that the alcoholic must rely to sincerely desire to stop drinking; and that he
must admit that he is an alcoholic and unable to drink in moderation.  The
alcoholic is encouraged to attend meeting of other ex-alcoholics, to share in
their fellowship and make themselves available for service to others who are
suffering from the same predicament. Members are asked to acquire
productive habits through group influence.
Prostitution
It is an act or practice of a woman who engages or
habitually indulged in sexual intercourse for money or

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profit.
Prostitute
A woman engages in discriminate sexual intercourse

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or acts with males for hire.
Whores/Knockers
It is the name often used for all types of prostitute.
Pimp
One who provides gratification for the lust of others.
White Slavery
The procurement and transportation of women across
satellite for immoral purpose.
 CAUSES OF PROSTITUTION
Poor social background.
Personality handicaps of the prostitute.

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Lack of education.
Previous sexual experience mostly regrettable and in or out of wedlock.
Craving for money and luxury on the part of the prostitute.

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Lack of restraints from parents, social environments and laxity of social
control such as the agency for religious training and reforms.
The influence of contraceptives readily available and preventive
treatment for VD and STD.
Prostitution is a means to maintain other addiction to vice such as
gambling, alcoholism and substance abuse.
Some are victims of white slave trade such as those from far flung areas.
The lack of interest of law enforcement authorities in safeguarding the
virtues and morals of persons who engage in the trade.
Social causes such as broken homes, anonymity of city life and poverty.
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF PROSTITUTES ON THE BASIS OF
OPERATION:

 Call girls/boys – They are part time prostitutes who engage in other legitimate

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profession. Sometimes they are sales representatives, food servers, tellers,
beauticians, and the like who gets involved in sex trade to augment their income.
Hustler – They are considered as professionals, also known as street walker, bar
or tavern pick-up. They frequent bars where liquor is served to get clients,

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sometimes with the knowledge and permission from the management. The street
walker is the oldest and most common type of prostitute; the usual clientele are
tourists, gamblers, criminals, addicts and other low lives. They frequent parks
and malls where a lot of potential clients are around; on occasion they are
associated with swindling of their customer.
Door Knocker – They are occasional and selective prostitutes, usually a new comer
to the sex trade. Mostly motivated by extreme need for money due to poverty
or supporting other vices. They make contact thru information coming from
other prostitutes, advertisement as escort ladies and men using print and the
internet as a means or contacts coming from old clients.
Factory Girls – They work-in regular houses of prostitution such as massage
parlors, brothels and accept all customers as they come. They work in regular
shift under the supervision of a madam or pimp who selects and solicits
customers. They earn a living by obtaining a commission for every customer
serviced.
 TYPES OF PROSTITUTION HOUSES
 Disorderly Houses – This kind of prostitution house is usually under the control of
an organized crime syndicate. It lodges a number of factory girls or
professional prostitutes. A maintainer or madam take charge of the operation

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supported by a staff consisting of a cashier, room boys, registry clerks,
watchmen, pimps and bouncers. Their operation appears to be a legitimate
business entity and mostly under the protection of crooked law enforcement

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authorities and local officials as frequent customers. They maintain a number of
small rooms with the prostitutes staying and waiting for clients, at times the
house is provided with secret exits to facilitate escape in case of police raids.
Furnished Room Houses – Typically managed by an experience madam who rent
rooms to legitimate roomers in order to maintain the appearance of legality and
responsibility. Deliberately the madam leaves several rooms vacant but reserved
for prostitution activities. The prostitutes are mainly call girls who make the
rooms as designated place of business. Their rent is based on a per customer or
use basis not residing there to maintain anonymity of their identity. These
houses are usually located in high rise establishments and flashy residential
areas.
 
Call Houses _ this is where the customers call and the madam make
an arrangement sending the girls by a transporter to the place

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agreed upon. The location appears to be a legitimate business
enterprise such as a service agency, a computer shop or
internet café, travel offices, beauty parlors, bars and other

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similar entity with business permit and licenses. The operation
is clandestine where the telephone number is limited to a select
group of regular clientele and pimps who conducts background
check on the ability of the prospective customer to pay.

Massage Clinics – These houses are manage under a permit and

license to operate issued by the local government but acts as
fronts for prostitution. They operate along with hair stylists,
manicurist, attendants and massagists who while servicing
clients can make arrangement for sex encounters.
 PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF PROSTITUTION:

 The School of Total Repression: Also known as the American Model, this

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contends that prostitution needs to be subdued by detention, apprehension of
not only the sex worker but also the customers. This idea argues and treats
prostitution as a crime which must be repressed and prohibit by means of

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legislation. It adheres to chastity and morality as the norm for conduct in
society. It asserts that licensing or allowing prostitution would invite
promiscuity without fear of the law. In the Philippines this is the applied
thought calling for the following measures:
Strict enforcement of all laws and ordinances against prostitution and all other
activities and vices related to it.
Mandatory sex-education giving emphasis on venereal and sexually transmitted
diseases and prostitution.
Adoption of preventive medical measures for the diagnosis and treatment of VD
and STD.
Penalizing all those involved in prostitution including the customer.
Increasing the penalties applicable to prostitution and persons who may be liable
in relation to the white slave trade.
 
The School of Regulatory Control – Propagated by the Europeans, this is also known as
the “French Model” it maintains the idea that society cannot do away with
prostitution unless we consider the problem causing it and removing identified
causes. During the time of Napoleon Bonaparte, in 1808 it was observed that
arrests, detention and punishment meted against the sex trade will only drive them
to clandestine activities. As a result, they established red light districts where sex

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trade may be legally engaged where they may be regulated, controlled and inspected
for health purposes. The following measures and regulatory policy have been
adopted to provide the necessary protection from society: 

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Isolation of brothels to restricted location or districts.
Licensing of houses of prostitution.
Registration of prostitutes protecting them from exploitation and white trade slave.
Periodic medical check-up of prostitutes and giving free public health education.
Legalizing the practice of prostitution under government supervision and control.
In case of arrests of prostitutes, it should be handled by social workers and medical
practitioners but not police entities.
The rehabilitation of prostitutes by providing with basic education, skills, jobs and
facilities to earn a decent living.
 
 
Gambling
It is a game or scheme wherein the result of
which depends wholly or chiefly upon chance or

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hazard.
Chance of Hazard

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It is the uncertainty of the result of the game
when the outcome of the game is incapable of
calculation by human reason, foresight, capacity or
design.
 CLASSIFICATION OF GAMBLING GAMES:
  Those which are absolutely prohibited.

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 Roulette and Faro; under the RPC Monte, jueteng and other
forms of lottery, policy, banking or percentage games and dog
races;

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 Those which are regulated by law. These games are
regulated in the sense that the law allows the same to be
played except on certain specified days such as:
 Horse racing under Art 198, RPC; Cock fighting under Art 199,
PRC; Domino, mahjong, entre cuatro, cuajo, Panguinge and the
like.
 ACTS PUNISHABLE IN GAMBLING:
 In cases of gambling games absolutely prohibited under article 195, RPC.
Taking part directly or indirectly in gambling.

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Knowingly permitting any form of gambling to be carried on any place owned
or controlled by the offender.
Being a maintainer, banker or conductor
In case of horse racing under art. 198, RPC;

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Betting on horse races during the periods or days not allowed by law such
as: ordinary working days but not legal holidays not allowed by the Games
and Amusement Board, July 4th now June 12, Independence Day under RA
137; December 30th of each year known as Rizal Day under RA 229; Any
registration or voting days under RA 180 as amended by the Omnibus
Election Code and Holy Thursday and Good Friday under RA 946.
Maintaining or employing a totalizer or other device or scheme for betting
on races or realizing profit there from.
Under RA 3063, the operation and maintenance of bookie joints not
authorized by law and acting as collector, solicitor of bets on horse
races for the bookie joints are prohibited.
 
In cases of lottery under Art. 196, RPC:
› Possession of lottery lists which pertains to or used in the
game.
› Importation, selling or distribution in connivance with the

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importer of lottery tickets
› Selling or distribution without connivance with importer.
In cases of illegal cock fighting under Art. 199, RPC:

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› Betting money or other valuable consideration and organizing
such cock fights at which bets are made on a day other than
those permitted by law.
› Betting money or other valuables and organizing such cock
fights in a place other than a licensed cock pit.
 Making bets which are offered and accepted upon the result of
boxing or other sports contest is punishable under art. 187
Revised Administrative Code.
 LAWS PERTINENT TO GAMBLING
  Art 195-199, RPC Forms of Gambling and Betting
 PD 1602 – Anti Gambling Law which prescribes stiffer penalties for illegal gambling.
PD 510 – Law on Slot machines

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

 PD 449 – Illegal Cock Fighting

 PD 483 – Game fixing in Sport Contests
 PD 1306 – Jai-Alai bookies

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 PD 1869 – Prohibition of government officials to enter and gamble in casinos.
 Sec 823 – Gambling Dens ( Maintainer /Operator)
 Sec 824 – Gambling Devices, Possession of Pin balls
 Sec 827 – Gambling (Players)
 Sec 828 – Mahjong, Regulated Games
 Sec 830 – Betting in Athletic Contests
 Sec 831 – Illegal cock fighting (tupada)
 RA 3036 – Horse racing Bookie
 LOI No 816 – Exclusion of certain prohibited games under PD 1602
 On January 4, 1977 PD 1067 was decreed by President Ferdinand E. Marcos
creating the PAGCOR
08/31/2023 ang probinsyano007
THANK YOU

GODBLESS
AND