Bernoulli Trials

• Trials of random experiment is called Bernoulli trial if it satisfy the

following :-
1. Number of trials must be finite.
2. Trials must be Independent.
3. Each trial has exactly two outcomes – Success or Failure.
4. The probability of success remains the same in each trial.
• P(Success) = p and P(Failure) = q = 1-p
• P(x) = px.q1-x where x=0,1
• Example:- Tossing a coin 50 times
Q1. Six balls are drawn successively from a bag containing 7 red and 9 black balls. Tell whether
or not the trials of drawing balls are Bernoulli trials when after each draw the ball drawn is
i. Replaced
ii. Not replaced in the bag.

Solution :-
Number of red balls - 7
Number of black balls - 9
Number of trials - 6
i. For Replaced :-
a. Finite Trials = 6
b. Independent Events with replacement
c. P(Success) and P(Failure)
d. Let red ball drawn be success then P(Success) for trial 1 to 6 = p1 = p2 = p3 = p4 = p5 = p6 =
Hence, it satisfy Bernoulli trial

ii. Not replaced :-

a. Finite Trials = 6
b. Not independent events.
Hence, it does not satisfy Bernoulli trial
Binomial Distribution
• In probability, the Binomial Distribution is the discrete probability distribution that
gives only two possible results in an experiment, either Success or Failure.
• A probability distribution which has the following probability mass function is
called Binomial Distribution.
•  It is given by:-
P(x) = nCx.px.qn-x

Where,
x = 0, 1, 2, 3, ……
n = number of trials
p = Success and 0 < p < 1
q = Failure = p – 1
=> p + q = 1
Q1. A box of candies has many different colors in it. There is a 15%
chance of getting a pink candy. What is the probability that exactly 4
candies in a box are pink out of 10?
Solution:-

We have that:
n = 10, p = = 0.15, q = 1 - 0.15 = 0.85, x = 4

When we replace in the formula:

p(x) => p(4) => 10C4.()4.()10-4

=>
=> 210
=>
Q2. A fair coin is tossed 6 times, call heads as success. What is the probability that –
I. Exactly 2 heads.
II. At least 4 heads.
III. No heads.
Solution:-
Number of trials, n = 6
P(Head) = P(Success) = p = and q = 1 – p = 1 – =
i. Exactly 2 heads i.e., p(x) => p(2) => 6C2.()2.()6-2 => => 15 =>
ii. At least 4 heads i.e., p(x) => p(4) + p(5) + p(6)
=> 6
C4.()4.()6-4 + 6C5.()5.()6-5 + 6C6.()6.()6-6
=> 6
C4.()4.()2 + 6C5.()5.()1 + 6C6.()6.()0
=> + +( [ That is , 6C6 = 1]
=> + + ( => ( [15+6+1]
=> 22. ( => =>
iii. No Heads i.e., p(x) => p(0) => 6C0.()0.()6-0 => ( =>
Mean ,Variance and Standard Deviation
For a binomial distribution, the mean, variance and standard deviation
for the given number of success are represented using the formulas
Mean, μ = n.p
Variance, V = n.p.q
Standard Deviation σ =

Where p is the probability of success

q is the probability of failure, where q = 1-p
and n is the number of trials.
Paurush Kumar Bansal – 22P01056