Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSIT Y

The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Engineering – Graduate School of Engineering

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

MATH 403 – ENGINEERING DATA ANALYSIS
PROBLEM SETS 1 – ANSWER KEY
1ST SEMESTER SY 2022 – 2023

1. When a die is rolled, the probability of getting a number greater than 4 is?

total number successful outcomes of getting a number greater than 4

P =
total number of possible outcomes

total number of success oucomes (> 4) ∶ {5,6} → 2 outcomes

total number of possible outcomes ∶ {1,2,3,4,5,6} → 6 outcomes

2
P =
6
1
P = ≈ 0.3333
3

2. When a die is rolled, the probability of getting a number less than 4 is?
total number successful outcomes of getting a number less than 4
P =
total number of possible outcomes

total number of success oucomes (< 4) ∶ {1,2,3} → 3 outcomes

total number of possible outcomes ∶ {1,2,3,4,5,6} → 6 outcomes

3
P =
6
1
P = ≈ 0.5000
2

3. An urn contains 4 black balls and 6 white balls. What is the probability of getting 1
black ball and 1 white ball in two consecutive draws from the urn?
-Since there’s no specified order in the problem, the probability would be the
sum of getting black 1st and white 2nd and of getting white 1st and black 2nd

P = P(B ∩ W) + P(W ∩ B)

4 6 6 4
P= ∙ + ∙
10 9 10 9
8
P= ≈ 0.5333
15

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 4. If the probability that a missile will hit the target is 3/5, find the probability of
exactly 3 hits out of 6 tries.
n = number of trials
n = 6 (6 tries)
r = number of successes
r = 3 (exactly 3 hits)
p = probability of success
3
p =
5
q = probability of failure
3
q = 1−p=1−
5
2
q =
5

P = nCr ∙ p ∙ q
3 2
P = 6C3 ∙ ∙
5 5
864
P = ≈ 0.2765
3125
5. When three coins are tossed, the probability of getting at least one tail is?
total number of successful outcomes
P =
total number of possible outcomes

Total outcomes for tossing a coin thrice = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
Total outcomes for tossing a coin thrice = 8 outcomes
Total outcomes for at least one tail = {HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
Total outcomes for at least one tail = 7 outcomes

7
P = = 0.8750
8

6. When four coins are tossed, the probability of getting at least three tail is?
total number of successful outcomes
P =
total number of possible outcomes

Total outcomes for tossing a coin four times =

{HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HHTT, HTHH, HTHT, HTTH, HTTT, THHH, THHT, THTH, THTT, TTHH, TTHT, TTTH, TTTT}
Total outcomes for tossing a coin four times = 16 outcomes
Total outcomes for at least three tail = {HTTT, THTT, TTHT, TTTH, TTTT}
Total outcomes for at least three tail = 5 outcomes

5
P = = 0.3125
16
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSIT Y
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Engineering – Graduate School of Engineering

7. The numbers 1 to 12 are placed in a hat, and a number is selected. What is the
probability that the number is 4 given that is known to be an even number?
P(4&EVEN)
P| =
P(EVEN)
Successful 4&EVEN outcomes = {4}
Successful 4&EVEN outcomes = 1 outcome

Successful EVEN outcomes = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}

Successful EVEN outcomes = 6 outcomes

1
P| = ≈ 0.1667
6

8. Events A and B are mutually exclusive and P(A) = 0.25 and P(B) = 0.35. Find P(A
and B).
P(A and B) = 0 (mutually exclusive means no intesection of events)
9. A shelf has 6 mathematics books and 4 physics books. The probability that 4
particular mathematics books will be together is __________.

Count it as 1
4!

Count it as 7
7!

total number of arrangements that 4 particular books will be together

P =
total number of arrangements of 10 books

Total number of arrangements of 10 books = 10!

Total number of arrangements of 10 books = 3628800
Total number of arrangements that 4 particular books will be together = 7! 4!
Total number of arrangements that 4 particular books will be together = 120960

120960
P =
3628800
1
P = ≈ 0.0333
30

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10. In a certain city, 30 percent of all cars emit excessive amounts of pollutants. The
probability is 0.95 that a car emitting excessive amounts of pollutants will fail the
state's vehicular emission test, and the probability is 0.15 that a car not emitting
excessive amounts of pollutants will also fail the test. If a car fails the emission test,
what is the probability that it actually emits excessive amounts of emissions?
Let:
A → Car emitting excessive amounts of pollutants
B → Car not emitting excessive amounts of pollutants
F → Car fail the emission test
1000 – total number of cars that undergo emission test

P(A&F)
P(A|F) =
P(F)

Number of A = 0.30 x 1000 = 300

Number of B = 1000 – 300 = 700

Number of A&F = 0.95 x 300 = 285

Number of B&F = 0.15 x 700 = 105

Number of F = 285 + 105 = 390

285
P(A|F) =
390
19
P(A|F) = ≈ 0.7308
26
11. The probability that an Engineer will travel by plane is 2/3 and that he will travel by
train is 1/5. Find the probability of his traveling by plane or train?
P(PLANE ∪ TRAIN) = P(PLANE) + P(TRAIN)

2 1
P(PLANE ∪ TRAIN) = +
3 5
13
P(PLANE ∪ TRAIN) = ≈ 0.8667
15
12. Two machines A and B produce 65% and 35% of the total numbers of items of a
factory. The percentage of the defective output of these machines are respectively
3% and 6%. If an item is selected at random, what is the probability that the item is
defective?
Total number of defective items
P(D) =
Total number of items

Let:
1000 − total items made by two machines

Number of A = 0.65 x 1000 = 650

Number of B = 0.35 x 1000 = 350

Number of A&D = 0.03 x 650 = 19.5

Number of B&D = 0.06 x 350 = 21

Number of D = 19.5 + 21 = 40.5

40.5
P(D) =
1000

P(D) = 0.0405
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSIT Y
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Engineering – Graduate School of Engineering

13. In the game “Red Light, Green Light”, the probability that a player will win the game is
0.345. If there are 50 players, find the probability:
a. of 30 or more players will win the game.

P(X ≥ r) = nCr ∙ p ∙ q

n = number of trials
n = 50 (50 players)
r = number of successes
r = [30,50], 30 or more players will win the game
p = probability of success(winning)
p = 0.345
q = probability of failure(losing)
q = 1 − p = 1 − 0.345
q = 0.655

P(X ≥ 30) = 50Cr ∙ (0.345) ∙ (0.655)

P(X ≥ 30) = 0.0002

b. of at most 25 players will win the game.

P(X ≤ r) = nCr ∙ p ∙ q

n = number of trials
n = 50 (50 players)
r = number of successes
r = [0,25], at most 25 players will win the game
p = probability of success(winning)
p = 0.345
q = probability of failure(losing)
q = 1 − p = 1 − 0.345
q = 0.655

P(X ≤ 25) = 50Cr ∙ (0.345) ∙ (0.655)

P(X ≤ 25) = 0.9918

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 c. of at least 28 players will lose the game.

P(X < r) = nCr ∙ p ∙ q

n = number of trials
n = 50 (50 players)
r = number of successes
r = [28,50], at least 28 players will lose the game
p = probability of success(losing)
p = 0.655
q = probability of failure(winning)
q = 0.345

P(X ≥ 28) = 50Cr ∙ (0.655) ∙ (0.345)

P(X ≥ 28) = 0.9388

14. One nanogram of Uranium-238 will have an average of 4 radioactive decays per second,
and the number of decays will follow a Poisson Distribution. In a 1-second period, what is
the probability that
a. there are at most 3 decays?
μ ∙e
P(X ≤ r) =
r!
μ = average number of successes
μ = 4 (average of 4 radioactive decays per second)
r = exact number of successes
r = [0,3] (at most 3 decays per second)
4 ∙e
P(X ≤ 3) =
r!
P(X ≤ 3) = 0.4335

b. there are less than 5 decays?

μ ∙e
P(X < r) =
r!
μ = average number of successes
μ = 4 (average of 4 radioactive decays per second)
r = exact number of successes
r = [0,4] (less than 5 decays)
4 ∙e
P(X < 5) =
r!
P(X < 5) = 0.6288

c. there are at least 6 decays?

μ ∙e
P(X ≥ r) =
r!
μ = average number of successes
μ = 4 (average of 4 radioactive decays per second)
r = exact number of successes
r = [6, +∞] (at least 6 decays)
4 ∙e
P(X ≥ 6) =
r!
P(X ≥ 6) = 0.2149
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSIT Y
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Engineering – Graduate School of Engineering

d. there are greater than 1 decay?

μ ∙e
P(X > r) =
r!
μ = average number of successes
μ = 4 (average of 4 radioactive decays per second)
r = exact number of successes
r = [2, +∞] (greater than 1 decay)
4 ∙e
P(X > 1) =
r!
P(X > 1) = 0.9084

15. A survey by the National Retail Federation found that women spend on average $130.71
for the Christmas holidays. Assume the standard deviation is $32.81. Find the percentage
of women:
a. who spend less than $150.00.
P(X < $150.00) = P(Z$ . )

value − mean X−μ

Z$ . = =
standard deviation σ
X = value
X = $150.00
μ = mean
μ = $130.71
σ = standard deviation
σ = $32.81
$150.00 − $130.71
Z$ . =
$32.81
Z$ . = 0.58793050899 → store
P(X < $150.00) = P(0.58793050899)
P(X < $150.00) = 0.7217

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 b. who spend between $90.00 and $200.00.
P($90.00 < X < $200.00) = P(Z$ . ) − P(Z$ . )

value − mean X−μ

Z$ . = =
standard deviation σ
X = value
X = $200.00
μ = mean
μ = $130.71
σ = standard deviation
σ = $32.81
$200.00 − $130.71
Z$ . =
$32.81
Z$ . = 2.11185614142 → store

value − mean X−μ

Z$ . = =
standard deviation σ
X = value
X = $90.00
μ = mean
μ = $130.71
σ = standard deviation
σ = $32.81
$90.00 − $130.71
Z$ . =
$32.81
Z$ . = −1.24078024992 → store

P($90.00 < X < $200.00) = P(2.11185614142) − P(−1.24078024992)

P($90.00 < X < $200.00) = 0.8753

c. who spend at least $180.71.

P(X ≥ $180.71) = R(Z$ . )

value − mean X−μ

Z$ . = =
standard deviation σ
X = value
X = $180.71
μ = mean
μ = $130.71
σ = standard deviation
σ = $32.81
$180.71 − $130.71
Z$ . =
$32.81
Z$ . = 1.52392563243 → store
P(X ≥ $180.71) = R(1.52392563243)
P(X ≥ $180.71) = 0.0638
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSIT Y
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Engineering – Graduate School of Engineering

16. A checkout counter at a supermarket completes the process according to an exponential

distribution with a service rate of 0.5 per minute. A customer arrives at the checkout
counter. Find the probability of the following events.
a. The customer leaves the checkout counter more than 8 minutes after arriving.
P(X > t) = e
λ = average number of events over a time period
λ = 0.5 per minute
t = 8 minutes
P(X > 8) = e ( . )( )
P(X > 8) = 0.0183
b. The service is completed in a time between 2 and 10 minutes.
P(t < X < t ) = e −e
λ = average number of events over a time period
λ = 0.5 per minute
t = 2 minutes
t = 10 minutes
P(2 < X < 10) = e ( . )( ) − e ( . )( )
P(2 < X < 10) = 0.3611
c. The service is completed at most 0.75 hour.
P(X ≤ t) = 1 − e
λ = average number of events over a time period
λ = 0.5 per minute
60 minutes
t = 0.75 hour x
1 hour
t = 45 minutes
P(X < 45) = 1 − e ( . )( )
P(X < 45) = 1.0000

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