30.

1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

CIRCULATORY
AND
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
PREPARED BY: TYPE YOUR NAME HERE
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

S9LT-lab-26

Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems

work together to transport nutrients, gases, and
other molecules to and from the different parts of the
body
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
The respiratory and circulatory systems work
together to maintain homeostasis.
The circulatory
Oxygen-poor blood

system transports
blood and other
materials.
 brings supplies to cells Oxygen-rich blood
 carries away wastes

 separates oxygen-poor and

oxygen-rich blood
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

The respiratory system is where gas exchange occurs.

– picks up oxygen from inhaled air
– expels carbon dioxide and water

sinus

nose

mouth
epiglottis
trachea

lungs
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
The respiratory system moves gases into and out of
the blood.
• The lungs contain the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
• Millions of alveoli give the lungs a huge surface area.
• The alveoli absorb oxygen from the air you inhale.

alveoli
bronchiole
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Breathing involves the diaphragm and muscles of the rib

cage.
• Air flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure.

Air inhaled. Air exhaled.

Muscles and
rib cage relax.
Muscles contract and
rib cage expands.

Diaphragm flattens Diaphragm relaxes

and moves downward. and rises.
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
The circulatory system moves blood to all parts of
the body.
veins
The system includes the heart,
arteries, veins, and capillaries.
 heart pumps blood throughout body
 arteries move blood away from heart

 veins move blood back to heart

 capillaries get blood to and from cells

arteries
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
There are three major functions of the circulatory system.

–transporting blood, gases, nutrients

–collecting waste materials
–maintaining body temperature
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
 Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried by the blood to and
from the alveoli.
 oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillary
 oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells
 carbon dioxide difuses from capillary into alveoli
ALVEOLI
GAS EXCHANGES
capillary
alveolus

Co2 diffuses
into alveolus. co2

o2 O2 diffuses
into blood.

capillaries
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
• Breathing is regulated by the brain stem.

midbrain
pons

medulla
oblongata

spinal chord
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
Respiratory diseases interfere with gas exchange.
Lung diseases reduce airflow and oxygen absorption.
 Emphysema destroys alveoli.

– Asthma constricts airways.

– Cystic fibrosis produces sticky mucus.
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Smoking is the leading cause of lung diseases.

30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
The tissues and structures of the heart make it an
efficient pump.
Cardiac muscle tissue works continuously without tiring.
NORMAL HUMAN HEART
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

The heart has four chambers: two atria, two ventricles.

• Valves in each chamber prevent backflow of blood.

pulmonary valve
aortic valve

left atrium
right atrium
mitral valve

left ventricle
tricuspid

right ventricle septum

• Muscles squeeze the chambers in a powerful pumping

action.
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

• The heartbeat consists of two contractions.

 SA node, or pacemaker, stimulates atria to contract
 AV node stimulates ventricles to contract

SA node

VA node
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Blood flows through the heart in a specific pathway.

1 3

2 4
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Blood flows through the heart in a specific pathway.

– oxygen-poor blood enters right atrium, then right
ventricle
– right ventricle pumps blood to lungs
– oxygen-rich blood from lungs enters left atrium, then left
ventricle
– left ventricle pumps blood to body
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
The heart pumps blood through two main
pathways.
Pulmonary circulation occurs between the heart and
the lungs.
 oxygen-poor blood enters lungs
 excess carbon dioxide and water
expelled
 blood picks up oxygen
 oxygen-rich blood returns to heart
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Systemic circulation occurs between the heart and the rest

of the body.
– oxygen-rich blood goes to organs,
extremities
– oxygen-poor blood returns to
heart
• The two pathways help maintain a
stable body temperature.
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
Arteries, veins, and capillaries transport blood to all
parts of the body.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
 blood under great pressure
 thicker, more muscular walls
endothelium
smooth muscle
connective tissue val
ve

ARTERY VEIN
CAPILLARIES

arteriole venule
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Veins carry blood back to the heart.

– blood under less pressure
– thinner walls, larger diameter
– valves prevent backflow

endothelium
smooth muscle
connective tissue val
ve

ARTERY VEIN
CAPILLARIES

arteriole venule
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Capillaries move blood between veins, arteries, and cells.

endothelium
smooth muscle
valve
connective tissue

ARTERY VEIN
CAPILLARIES

arteriole venule
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood pushing

against artery walls.
– systolic pressure:
left ventricle
contracts
– diastolic pressure:
left ventricle
relaxes

• High blood pressure can precede a heart attack or stroke.

30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
Lifestyle plays a key role in circulatory diseases.
Some choices lead to an increased risk of circulatory
diseases.
 smoking
 long-term stress
 excessive weight
 lack of exercise
 diet low in fruits
and vegetables,
high in saturated
fats
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Circulatory diseases affect mainly the heart and the

arteries.
– artery walls become thick and inflexible
– plaque blocks blood flow in arteries
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
Blood is composed mainly of cells, cell fragments,
and plasma.
Whole blood is made up of different materials.
 plasma
 red blood cells
 white blood cells
 platelets
plasma

red blood cells,

white blood cells,
and platelets
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Plasma is a key factor in maintaining homeostasis.

– molecules diffuse into and out of plasma
– contains proteins that stabilize blood volume
– contains clotting factors
– contains immune proteins
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
Platelets and different types of blood cells have
different functions.
The bone marrow manufactures most of the blood
components.

red blood cell

platelet

white blood cell

30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Red blood cells make up 40-45 % of all blood cells.

– transport oxygen to cells and carry away carbon dioxide
– have no nuclei and contain hemoglobin
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

White blood cells fight pathogens and destroy foreign

matter.

red blood cell

platelet

white blood cell

30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Platelets help form clots that control bleeding.

platelets

fibrin

white
blood cell

red blood cell

 Arteriesand
30.1 Respiratory of The Circulatory
Circulatory System
Functions
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Protein markers define blood types and Rh factors.

– ABO blood group the most common

– Rh factor can be negative or positive
– blood types must be compatible for transfusions
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Content, images, text, etc. used belong to the rightful owner. No copyright
infringement intended.