MAGNIFICATION

OF LENS
By, M.SWETHA,R.AQEELA
WHAT IS MAGNIFICATION
 INTRODUCTION,
 Magnification is the process of increasing the size of image to perceive an object.
 An increase in apparent size, perceived size Or the actual size of object Or it’s image Of an
object.
 It has no unit since it’s ratio.
 Apparent size of object is increased When viewed through any magnifying system.
 The ratio of the height of an image to the height of an object is called magnification
INTRODUCTION,
 Magnification created by Any ophthalmic lens Is determined by,

1. Dioptric power
2. Vertex distance
3. Base curve
4. Center thickness
5. Lens Material
 MAGNIFICATION =Image size/object size or (v/u)
 In plus lens – Magnification, Virtual and erect Image Is produced.
 In minus lens-Minification,Real and inverted image is produced.
MAGNIFICATION EFFECTS ON
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
PLUS LENS
 1.As the dioptric power of plus lens
increases ,more the magnification .
 As the vertex distance increases-
Magnification will increase.
 In base curve-
1. Steepen BC-Magnification increase
2. Flatten BC-Magnification decrease
 As thickness increases – magnification
gets increased
MINUS LENS
 As the dioptric power of minus lens
increases ,more the minification.
 As vertex distance increases –Minification
will increase.
 In base curve-
1. Steepen BC-Minification decreases
2. Flatten BC-Minification increases.
 As thickness increases –minification
decreases.
TYPES OF MAGNIFICATION
 There are three types of Magnification

1. Relative Distance Magnification.

2. Relative size Magnification .
3. Angular Magnification.
• 1.RELATIVE DISTANCE
MAGNIFICATION,
 Magnify the object by bringing object closer to the eye , by moving object closer to eye ,size
of image on retina is enlarged.
 Eg:Magnifier
 FORMULA: RDM=r/d.
 r-original working distance
 d-new working distance.
 Eg: r=40cm,d=10cm
 RDM=40/10=4X Magnication.
• 2.RELATIVE SIZE
MAGNIFICATION
 By enlarging size of object Magnification can be increased. While maintaining same working
distance.
 Eg:CCTV.
 FORMULA: RSC= S2/S1
 S2-original size.
 S1-New size.
 Eg. S1=1m ,S2=2m.
 RSM=2/1=2x Magnification.
• 3.ANGULAR
MAGNIFICATION
 It occurs when object is not changed in position or size but has an angular deviations of optical
system interposed between object and eye to make object appear large.
 Eg:Telescope.

 FORMULA:
 M=angle subtended by image with lens/angle subtended by object without lens.

Note- image which has larger angle substence the object appears larger when seen through this
optical system.
LINEAR MAGNIFICATION
 It is also called lateral or transverse magnification refers to ratio of height of image to the
height of object.
 Negative value LM denotes –inverted image.
AXIAL MAGNIFICATION
 It is proportional to product of transverse magnification for pair of conjugate planes at the
front and back of object.

 FORMULA:
 Axial magnification=M1×M2=M²
 M-transverse magnification for any pair of conjugate object.
MAGNIFICATION IN HIGH
PLUS LENS AND MINUS LENS.
 Magnification or Minification produced by a spectacles lens is directly Related to field of view
provided by lens.
 In plus lens-it effectively shrink the overall field of view.
 In Minus lens-it effectively Expands overall field of view.