JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA

BURANABAD, TEHSIL :- KHACHROD

DISTRICT :- UJJAIN {M.P.}

CBSE SCHOOL CODE – 54065

2nd TERM
PHYSICS ACTIVITY WORK
SESSION :- 2021- 2022

GUIDED BY:- SUBMITTED

BY:-
Mr. B.S. Parmar Ma. Animesh Porwal
(PGT PHYSICS) Class:- XII SCIENCE
ROLL NO.:-
 Certificate
This is to certify that Ma. Animesh Porwal
of class 12th, Roll no. has
completed his activity work in this
Vidyalaya as a part of fulfillment of physics
activities held in J.N.V Buranabad, Ujjain-
II, [M.P.].

PRINCIPAL
Dr. K. B. Gupta

SIGN. OF EXTERNAL SIGN. OF

INTERAL
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My special thanks and deepest
ineptness goes to Mr. B.S. Parmar
(PGT Physics) J.N.V. Buranabad for
their help, which had been source of
inspiration during progress of these
activities. I am extremely thankful for
his sense of cooperation without
which no student could have worked
with full concentration and confidence.
I wish to acknowledge my sincere
gratitude towards Dr. K.B. Gupta,
Principal of J.N.V. Buranabad for his
guidance and facilities provided during
the progress of these activities.
 ACTIVITY – 01
 OBJECTIVE - To identify a diode, an LED,
a transistor, an IC, a resistor and a capacitor from
a mixed collection of such items.

 APPARATUS -
Apparatus: Multimeter.
Material: Above mixed collection of items.

 THEORY -
For identification, appearance and working of
each item will have to be considered.

 A diode is a two terminal device. It conducts

when forward biased and does not conduct when
reverse biased. It does not emit light while
conducting. Hence, it does not glow.

 A LED (light emitting diode) is also a two

terminal device. It also conducts when forward
biased and does not conduct when reverse biased.
It emits light while conducting. Hence, it glow.
 A transistor is a three terminal device. The
terminals represent emitter (E), base (B) and
collector (C).

 An IC (integrated circuit) is a multi-terminal

device in form of a chip.

 A resistor is a two terminal device. It conducts

when either forward biased or reverse biased.
(Infact there is no forward or reverse bias for a
resistor). It conducts even when operated with
A.C. voltage.

 A capacitor is also a two terminal device. It

does not conduct when either forward biased or
reverse biased. When a capacitor is connected to
a D.C. source, then multimeter shows full scale
current initially but it decay to zero quickly. It is
because that initially a capacitor draw a charge.

 PROCEDURE –
 If the item has four or more terminals and has
form of a chip, it is an IC (integrated circuit).

 If the item has three terminals, it is a

transistor.
 If the item has two terminals, it may be diode, a
LED, a resistor or a capacitor.

 Make a series circuit with a battery eliminator

reversing key item and a multimeter with a range
set in a milliampere switch on the battery
eliminatror and moment of multimeter pointer.

 If pointer moves when voltage is applied in one

way and does not move when reversed and there
is no light emission, the item is a diode.

 If pointer moves when voltage is applied in one

way and does not move when re-versed and there
is light emission, the item is a LED.

 If pointer moves when voltage is applied in one

way and also when reversed, the item is a resistor.

 If pointer does not move when voltage is

applied in one way and also when reversed, the
item is a capacitor.

 OBSERVATION TABLE –
NO. OF NUMBER NAME OF NO. OF POSSIBLE NAME
OBS. OF LEGS DEVICE OBS. CURRENT OF
FLOW DEVICE

1. More than 3 IC 4 Undirectional Diode

emit no light
2. Three Transistor 5 Undirectional LED
emit light
3. Two Capacitor, 6 Both Resistor
Diode, LED, directional
Resistor (steady)
7 Initial high Capacitor
but decay to
zero

Activity – 02
 objective - To observe refraction and lateral
deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a
glass slab.

 APPARATUS - Glass slab, drawing board,

white paper sheet, drawing pins, office pins,
protractor

 THEORY – When a Ray of light incident on

a parallel faced glass slab it emerges on the same
direction on the incident it only suffers a lateral
displacement to slab thickness.
The lateral displacement is given by –

 Diagram –
 Procedure –
 Fit a white paper sheet by drawing pin on
drawing board.
 Take a glass slab and put it symmetrically in
the middle of the paper and mark its boundary
ABCD.
 Draw a normal at a point O on the face AB and
making an angle I with normal PO will represent
incident ray.
 Fix two pins 1 and 2 on the line PQ at distance
1 cm or more between themselves.
 See images of these pins through face DC and
fix two more pins at points 3 and 4 (1 cm or more
apart) such that these two pins cover the images
of first two pins, all being along a straight line.
 Remove the glass slab. Draw straight line RS
through points 3 and 4 to represent emergent ray.
Join QR to represent refracted ray.
 Draw normal at point R on face DC and
measure angle E. It comes to be equal to angle i.
 Fig. Refraction throung glass slab.

Activity – 03 (a)
 objective - To study the nature and size of
the image formed by a concave mirror on a screen
by using a candle and a screen (for different
distances of the candle from the mirror).

 APPARATUS –
1) An optical bench with three uprights
2) A concave mirror with holder
3) A burning candle
4) A card-board screen.

 THEORY – From mirror formula

1 1 1
+ =
u v f

When u = ∞ (infinity) v=f

When u = -2f , v = -2f
When u = -f , v =∞ (infinity)
When u <(-f), v become (+)ve, image become
virtual.
Hence as the object is moved from infinity towards
the concave mirror, its image moves from mirror
focus towards infinity. For candle, distance less
than focal length, image becomes virtual and does
not come on screen.

 Diagram –
Fig. Image formed by concave mirror at different
positions.

 Procedure –
 Find rough focal length of the concave mirror
by usual method.
 Mount the concave mirror in holder in first
upright and keep it near one end of the optical
bench, keeping mirror face inward.
 Mount the card-board screen on a second
upright and keep it at distance equal to rough focal
length of mirror, from first upright.
 Mount the burning candle in third upright and
keep it near other end of the optical bench.
 Adjust heights so that the inverted image of
erect flame of burning candle is formed on screen.
Move the screen to make the image sharp. The
screen will be nearly at the focus of the concave
mirror.
 The image will be real, inverted and much more
diminished.
 As the burning candle is moved towards the
mirror, the screen has to be moved away from it
for getting a sharp flame image. The inverted
image size increases.
 When the position of the candle approaches
centre of curvature of the mirror, the screen also
approaches the same position. The image size will
be equal to the actual flame size.
 Now interchange the uprights. Bring candle
upright nearer to mirror than the screen upright.
Move the candle further nearer. The screen has to
be moved away for getting an enlarged inverted
real image on screen.
 As the candle reaches the focus of the mirror,
the screen may not be able to get its image which
will be formed at infinity i.e. beyond the length of
the optical bench.

 CONCLUSION –
This change in position, nature and size of the
image is due to different positions..
 Activity – 03 (b)
 objective - To study the nature and size of
the image formed by a convex lens on a screen by
using a candle and a screen (for different
distances of the candle from the lens).

 APPARATUS –
 An optical bench with three uprights
 A concave mirror with holder
 A burning candle
 A card-board screen.

 Diagram –
 THEORY – From mirror formula
1 1 1
− =
u v f

When u = ∞ (infinity) v=f

When u = -2f , v = 2f
When u = -f , v =∞ (infinity)
When u <(-f), v become negative, image become
virtual.
Hence as the object is moved from infinity towards
the convex lens, its image moves from mirror
focus towards infinity. For candle, distance less
than focal length, image becomes virtual and does
not come on screen.

 Procedure –
 Find rough focal length of the convex lens by
usual method.
 Mount the convex lens in holder in central
upright and keep it in the middle of the optical
bench.
 Mount the cardboard screen on another
upright and keep it at distance equal to rough focal
length of the lens, from the central upright.
 Mount the burning candle in third upright and
keep it on the other side of the central upright and
near the end of the optical bench.
 Adjust heights so that the inverted image of
erect flame of burning candle is formed on screen.
Move the screen to make the image sharp. The
screen will be nearly at the focus of the convex
lens.
 The image will be real inverted and much more
diminished.
 As the burning candle is moved towards the
lens on one side, the screen has to be moved away
from the lens on other side, for getting sharp flame
image. The inverted image size increases.
 When the position of the candle is at distance
2f from the lens, the screen is also at same
distance on the other side. The image size will be
equal to the actual flame size.
 Move the candle further nearer to the lens. The
screen has to be moved away for getting an
enlarged inverted real image on screen.
 As the candle reaches the focus of the lens,
the screen may not be able to get its image which
will be at infinity i.e. beyond the ends of the optical
bench
 Conclusion – This change in position,
nature and size of the image is due to different
positions.