PREREQUISITE

LESSONS
Points, Line and Plane
Linear Equation
 LESSON1: THE CARTESIAN
PLANE
The Cartesian Coordinate System or XY-Coordinate System is based on
two perpendicular number lines.
The Cartesian Plane is
divided into four
quadrants.
Identify the
quadrant /axis where QII QI
each of the following
ordered pairs lie.
1. (-1, 2) QII
(-, +) (+, +)
2. (3, 2) QI
3. (2,-6) QIV
4. (-1,-2) QIII
5. (0,6) Y - AXIS QIII QIV
6. (-9, 0) X - AXIS
7. (0, 0) ORIGIN (-, -) (+, -)
 LESSON 2: THE
INCREMENTS
Net changes when a particle moves from one point to another in the
Cartesian plane.
LESSON 3: DISTANCE
BETWEEN TWO POINTS
IN THE XY PLANE
Suppose we now have two
points, P( and Q (We solve for
the distance using:
• Example1: Find the distance between P(-2, 4) and Q(3, -2).

• Example2: Find the distance between P(2,-2) and R(6,1)

 LESSON 4:
MIDPOINT
Center of a line segment
Point halfway or in the middle of the
line segments that joins the two
points.
Find the midpoint between the two given points
1) P1 (2, 3) and P2 (1,-3)

2) P1 (0, 3) and P2 (6, 5)

LESSON 5: Which of the following equations
Equation of a Line are linear?
A linear equation in two
variables x and y is an equation
of the form: a.2x + 5y – 1 = 0
b.10x = 3
Ax+By+C=0
where A,B and C are constants c.3y² + 7y + 5 = 0
Conditions: d.3x + 2xy + 1 = 0
1) highest exponent of both x
and y is 1
2) no xy-term
 • EXAMPLE 1: Find the x- and y-
LESSON 6: x- intercepts
and y-intercepts y=-3x+9
Definition:
The points at which the graph
intersects the the x- or y-axis are
called intercepts.
• To find the x-intercepts of the
graph of an equation, substitute
0 for y in the equation and
solve for x.
• To find the y-intercepts of the
graph of an equation
algebraically, substitute 0 for x
in the equation and solve for y.

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights

reserved.
 • EXAMPLE2: Find the x- and y-
LESSON 6: x- intercepts
and y-intercepts 2x + 5y = 4
Definition:
The points at which the graph
intersects the the x- or y-axis are
called intercepts.
• To find the x-intercepts of the
graph of an equation, substitute
0 for y in the equation and
solve for x.
• To find the y-intercepts of the
graph of an equation
algebraically, substitute 0 for x
in the equation and solve for y.

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights

reserved.
Lesson 7:POINT ON THE LINE
To determine if a given point is on the line, the point
should satisfy the equation of the line. To obtain this,
substitution method is used.
Example:Is point (3,1 ) on the line L:
x+2y=5
Example:Is point (2,0) on the line L: x+y=1
LESSON 8:
SLOPE
The slope of a line is the
measure of the steepness of
a line with respect to the
horizontal axis. It is the
number of units that a line
vertically rises (or falls) for
every horizontal change in x
from left to right.
Examples: Solve for the slope of the line that passes through the given points then describe the slope.

1) A(3,-1) and B(4,2)

2) C(-1,5) and D(1,2)

SPECIAL FORMS
OF LINEAR SOLVING EQUATION OF THE LINE
EQUATION Given:
Properties of Linear Equation
• The graph of a linear equation is a
LESSON 9: A slope and a point
straight line.
• The intercepts of the line are the points
LESSON 10: Two points
where it crosses the x and y axes.
• The slope of the line is a measure of the
LESSON 11: A slope and y-intercept
tilt of the line from the horizontal axis.
LESSON 12: The x and y Intercepts
LESSON 9: Given the slope and a
point
(Point-Slope Form)
Consider a line passing through the point (x,y) and having a slope of m, then:
Example: Find the equation of the line that passes
through the given point and slope.
Point (1,3 ) m=2
Example: Find the equation of the line that passes
through the given point and slope.
Point (0,-1) m=1
LESSON 10: Given two points
(Two-Point Form)
If two points on the line are given then:
Example: Find the equation of the line given:
Example: Find the equation of the line given:
LESSON 11: Given the slope
and y-intercept
(Slope-Intercept Form)
Consider the slope m and y-intercept (0,b) are given,
then:
Example: Find the equation of the line given the slope
and y-intercept:
m=2, (0,1)
Example: Find the equation of the line given the slope
and y-intercept:
m=-3, b=5
LESSON 12: Given the x- and
y-intercepts
(Intercept Form)
Consider x-intercept or (a, 0) and y-intercept (0,b)
are given, then:
Example: Find the equation of the line given:
(2,0) and (0, -1)
Example: Find the equation of the line given:
a= 3 and b=5
 LESSON 13: Determining the
Slope and y-intercept
• Change the equation into slope-intercept form
(y=mx+b)
Examples:
a.Determine the slope and y-intercept of the line 3x – 4y =8.

b.What is the value of slope and y-intercept of the line 5x – 8y + 12 = 0?

 LESSON 14: Parallel
and perpendicular lines
Parallel Lines
• the slopes of parallel lines are equal.
Note that two lines are parallel if
their slopes are equal and they have
different y-intercepts.
PERPENDICULAR LINES
• Perpendicular lines have slopes that
are the opposite of the reciprocal of each
other. In this case, the slope of the
first line is -2. The reciprocal of -2 is -1/2,
so the opposite of the reciprocal is
therefore 1/2.
EXAMPLES 1: Determine if the following equation of the
lines are parallel or perpendicular
• 2) L1: 2x+y=0 and L2: x-2y+5=0
1) L1: x-y-5=0 and L2: x-y+3=0
 LESSON 15- APPLICATION OF
PARALLEL AND
PERPENDICULAR LINES
• Change the given eation to slope-intercept form then get the slope
(m)
• Check the condition needed: if parallel use the same slope; if
perpendicular change the slope into -
• Use point slope form to formulate the equation
Example:
Determine the equation of the line that contains:
Point (2,1) and parallel to 2x+y=0
Example:
Determine the equation of the line that contains:
Point (2,1) and perpendicular to 2x+y=0
LESSON 16: POINT OF
INTERSECTION
Applying the systems of Linear Equation in two variables
Determine the point of intersection of these
lines
L1: 2x + y = 5
L2: x + y = 4
Determine the point of intersection of these
lines
L1: 2x + y = 3
L2: 4x + 2y = 8
 LESSON 17: DISTANCE
BETWEEN A POINT AND A
LINE
The distance between point and line ax+by+c=0 is defined:
Examples:
Determine the distance between the given point and line: P(2,1) and line x+y-1=0
Examples:
2) Determine the distance between the given point and line: P(-3,4) and line x+3=0