LINEAR

EQUATION AND
INEQUALITIES IN
TWO VARIABLES
GIAN FYEL B. FRESNIDO
BSED-1C
 RECTANGULAR CARTESIAN SYSTEM

● Consider two number lines, one vertical and one horizontal,

perpendicular to each other at the point associated with zero on
both lines. Refer to these number lines as the horizontal and
vertical axes, or together as the coordinate axes. These lines divide
the plane into four regions called quadrants. The quadrants are
numbered counterclockwise from I through IV. The point of
intersection of the two axes is called the origin. The horizontal axis
is also referred to as the x-axis and the vertical axis as the y-axis.
 DISTANCE FORMULA

It is sometimes necessary to express the length of certain line

segments. We need to find the distance between two points.
Let P1(x1, y1) and P2(x 2, y2 )represent any two points in a
coordinate plane. Using the Pythagorean theorem, the distance
between these points is
EXAMPLE
 MIDPOINT OF A LINE SEGMENT
The midpoint of a line segment is
a point that divides the segment
into two equal distances.
Consider the line segment with
endpoints A(x_{1}, y_{1}) and
B(x_{2}, y_{2}) and a point

C(x_{2},y_{2}) in between them. If

C is the midpoint then
 Example
Find the midpoint of the line joining the points (5, -1) and (-4,2)
 SLOPE OF A LINE

The slope of a line is the ratio of the vertical change (rise)

compared to the horizontal change (run) as we move from one
point on a line to another point. Suppose that P1(x1, y1 )and
P2(x2,y2)are different points on a line . The horizontal change
from P1 to P2 is x2 – x1 and the vertical change is y2 –y1. Thus
the slope of a line is given by
EXAMPLE
GRAPHS OF LINEAR IN TWO VARIABLES

A linear equation in two variables is an equation of the

form ax +by = c where a,b, and care constant and a and b
are not both 0. A graph is the set of all pairs of numbers
(x,y) that satisfies the equation. This set of numbers is the
set of solutions of a linear equation.
To graph an equation is to make a drawing that represent
its solutions. Linear equations can be graphed as follows.
1. Select a value for one coordinate and calculate the
corresponding value of the other coordinate. Form an
ordered pair.
2. Repeat step 1 to find at least one other ordered pair
3. Plot the ordered pairs and draw a straight line passing
through the points. The line represents all solutions of the
equations.
 EXAMPLE
Sketch the graph of the linear equation y= -2x + 3.
Select a value for x then compute y.

x Y= -2x + 3 Solution points

-2 7 (-2,7)

-1 5 (-1,5)

0 3 (0,3)

1 1 (1,1)
 DEFINITION OF INTERCEPTS
When we graph an equation it is helpful to know where the line crosses
the x- or y- axis. These points are known as the intercepts of a graph.
The x-intercept of a graph is the x-coordinate of a point where the
graph crosses the x-axis. To find the x-intercepts, let y be zero and
solve the equation for x.
Similarly, the y-intercept of a graph is the y-coordinate of a point where
the graph crosses the y-axis. To find the y-intercepts, let x be zero and
solve the equation for y.
 EXAMPLE
Find the x- and y- intercepts of the equation 3x – 4y = 12.
GRAPHING USING INTERCEPTS

To graph a linear equation using intercepts, just

plot the x- and y- intercepts in the rectangular
coordinate plane. Then connect the points with a
straight line.
EXAMPLE
EQUATIONS OF LINES
WHAT IS EQUATIONS OF THE LINES?
E Q U AT I O N O F A L I N E

Any equation of the form ax+by=c, where a, b, and c, are real numbers and a
and b are not both 0, is linear. The equation ax+by=c is said to be in standard
form.

There are several forms of the equation of a line.

Example 1: Graph the equation x=2.

Solution: The objective is to look for

all points (x,y) in the plane for which
x=2. Thus, no matter what y-
coordinate is used, the corresponding
x-coordinate is always 2.
 EQUATION OF A VERTICAL
LINE

A vertical line is given by an equation of the form x=a,

where a is the x-intercept.

Now let L be a nonvertical line with the slope m and containing the
point (xˌ,yˌ). For any other point (x,y) on L, then;

FORMULA:

M= y-yˌ / x-xˌ
Example: Find the slope of the line that passes through (4,5) and (2,1).

Solution:
POINT-SLOPE FORM OF AN EQUATION OF THE
LINE

The point-slope form of an equation of a

line is y-yˌ=m(x-xˌ). Where m is the slope,
and the line passes through the point
(xˌ,yˌ).
Example 2: Find the equation of a line passing through the points (5,-2)
and (2,3). Write the answer in standard form.
Solution:

Find first the slope of the line.

Substitute the slope m= -5/3 and any
of the two points, say (2,3), to the
point slope form. Writing in standard form.
 Example 3: Find the equation of a horizontal line passing through the
point (2,3).
Solution:
The slope of a horizontal line is 0. to get the equation, use the point slope form with
m=0, x=2, y=3.
EQUATION OF A HORIZONTAL LINE

A horizontal line is given by an equation

of the form y=b, where b is the y-
intercept.
Example 4: Find the equation of the line passing through (5,1) and (-
2,3). Write the answer in standard form.
Solution:
Since two points are given, first compute the slope of the line.
Use the point slope form with the
point (5,1) and m= -2/7.
This equation can be written in
standard form.
GENERAL FORM OF AN EQUATION OF A LINE

ax+by+c=0, where a, b, and c are real

numbers and a and b are not both 0 and
a is positive.

Example: Turning standard form to general form of an equation of a line.

2x+7y=17
2x+7y-17=0
THE SLOPE INTERCEPT FORM OF A LINEAR
EQUATION

The slope-intercept form of an

equation of a line is y=mx+b,
where m is the slope and b is
the y-intercept.
Example 5: Find the equation of the line with slope equal to 3 and passing
through the point (0,4). Express the answer in general form.

Solution:
The slope is 3 (m=3) and the y intercept is 4 (b=4). Therefore, the equation
of the line is;
 QUIZ!
Find the equation of the line satisfying the following conditions. Write the
equation in A.) Slope intercept form and B.) General form.

1. Slope is 0 and y-intercept is 0.

2. Slope is 6 and y-intercept is 7.
3. Passing through (1,1) and 1,8).
4. Passing through (3,-4) with slope of -4.
5. Passing through (-9,2) with slope of 0.
Lesson 3.4

Parallel Lines and

Perpendicular Lines
ARREZA, DANIELA JANE B.
BSED 1C
Objectives:

1. Define Parallel Lines and Perpendicular Lines;

2. Differentiate Parallel Lines and Perpendicular
Lines;
3. Evaluate equation of the line that is parallel or
perpendicular to the given line.
What are Parallel Lines?
- When two lines have no points in common,
they are said to be parallel.

- Parallel Lines have the same slope. m1=m2

Example 1: Find an equation of a line in standard form
passing through the point (2, -1) and parallel to the line with
an equation y=2x+9.
Example 2: Find the equation of a line passing through
4 7
( , ) and parallel to the line 5x-8y=6.
5 8
Example 3: Find the equation of a line parallel to the y-
axis and passing through the point (14,8).
What are Perpendicular Lines?
- When two lines intersect at a right angle, they
are said to be perpendicular.
- Lines are perpendicular if and only if m1 = -
1
or (m1)(m2) = -1. The slope of the
𝑚2
equation is opposite to the given equation.
Example 1: Find an equation of a line in standard
form passing through the point (2, -1) and
perpendicular to the line with an equation y=-3x-8.
Example 2: Find the equation of a line
8 4
perpendicular to the line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 and passing
9 3
through the point (5, 7).
Example 3: Find the equation of a line
perpendicular to the x-axis and passing through
the point (9, 0)
Linear Inequalities in
Two Variables
CHAPTER 3

Sumaoy, Kent Ryan E.

BSED MATH 2C
 Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students are
expected to:
1. Understand the steps in graphing linear
inequalities; and
2. Apply the steps in solving and graphing linear
inequalities in two variables.
 LINEAR
01 INEQUALITIES IN
TWO VARIABLES
Linear inequalities in two variables are of the form
ax + by corax by where a, b, and care real
numbers. Note that a and b cannot be both 0.
Also, 2 and 5 may replace > and <.
SOLVING LINEAR
INEQUALITIES 02
Steps in Solving Linear Inequalities:

Step 1. Rewrite the equation in slope

intercept form.
Step 2. Find the slope.
Step 3. Find the y-intercept.
Step 4. Plot the first coordinate.
 GRAPHING
LINEAR
INEQUALITIES
03
 To graph linear inequalities, use the following steps:

STEP 1 : Graph the corresponding equality, Use a solid line if

equality is included in the original statement and a dashed line if
equality is not included.

STEP 2 : Choose a test point not on the line and substitute its
coordinates into the inequality. The origin is a convenient point to
use if it is not on the line.
STEP 3 : The graph of the original inequality is

a) the half plane that contains the test point if the inequality is
satisfied by that point, or,

b) the half plane that does not contain the test point if the
inequality is
not satisfied by the point.
 APPLICATION OF
03 STEPS
THANKS
!