Unit 1: Nature of Quantitative Research

Lesson 1
Qualities of Quantitative Research

Practical Research 2
Senior High School Applied - Academic
 How can
numbers be
used to
describe
phenomena in
nature?

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 ● Describe the characteristics of
quantitative research.

Learning ● Identify the strengths and

Objectives weaknesses of quantitative research.

At the end of the ● Discuss the different kinds of

lesson, you should be
able to do the
quantitative research.
following:
● Evaluate topics that can be studied
quantitatively.
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 Form a group of 10 members.

Describe your Describe your

group using group using
words. numbers.
Which among the ways of giving descriptions do
you think is more accurate and represents each
member of the group?
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 Quantitative Research

Quantitative research deals with numerical

values and how they can describe a
phenomenon or infer a relationship.

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 ● It is the go-to approach for
scientific inquiry because of its
ability to test hypotheses.

Quantitative ● The basis of formulating and

Research testing hypotheses are variables,
which are traits that numerically
describe or give meaning to an
object, phenomenon, or group of
people.
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Remember

Variables are the ones that are

usually identified, examined,
described, or correlated to
answer a scientific inquiry.

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 ● An independent variable is the
variable that is manipulated,
especially in experiments.
Variables
● A dependent variable depends
on the independent variable.

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 Characteristics of Quantitative Research

● Controllability
● Generalizability
● Objectivity
● Replicability

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 Quantitative research
should be in an
Controllability environment where all
variables are identified
and can be controlled.

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 Generalizability is from
larger sample sizes that
Generalizability the results are based on
as a representative of
the population.

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 The results of the data
are observable and
Objectivity
measurable using
structured instruments.

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 The research study should
be replicable by other
Replicability teams of researchers that
will eventually come up
with similar outcomes.

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Strengths of Quantitative Research

● Analysis of data is assisted with statistical

methods.
● Large-scale research can be undertaken.
● Data can be presented in graphical or
tabular form.

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Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

● A large sample size requires a lot of time

and effort.
● Statistical analysis of data requires an expert
to perform.
● Quantifying and reducing observations to
numerical values makes it too simplistic.

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Remember

Quantitative research has its

strengths and weaknesses. It is
important that we are aware of
both.

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Types of Quantitative Research

Experimental Nonexperimental
● Descriptive research
True experimental ● Comparative research
research ● Correlational
research
● Quasi-experimental
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Tip

The experimental and

nonexperimental types of
quantitative research depend on
the topic and the nature of the
problem being investigated.

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True experimental research

The primary objective of a true experimental

research design is to identify a cause-effect
relationship between the variables where
the samples are randomized.

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 Example:
To find out if sunlight affects the growth of plants,
we have three setups:
● Set A is to grow a seed that will receive ample
amount of sunlight.
True ● Set B is a seed that will be placed where
experimental sunlight is limited.
● Set C is a seed that will be placed completely in
research
the dark.

All of them will be planted in the same type of soil

and will be given equal amounts of water, and the
results will be recorded after days of observation.

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Quasi-experimental research

Quasi-experimental research mirrors experimental

research but it is not true experimental research
where a causal relationship can be determined
with the use of dependent and independent
variables.

Quasi-experiments do not use random samples

but assigned samples.
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 Example:
You wish to know the effect of height on milk
brand preference.
● True experiments would have to randomly
Quasi- assign respondents to groups where they
would be subjected to taste tests in order to
experimental know which brand they prefer.
research ● Because height is an innate characteristic of a
person, respondents cannot be randomly
assigned to groups.
● Instead, group respondents are assigned
groups based on their heights.

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 A nonexperimental
research design focuses
Descriptive on the description of
Research factors, variables, or
phenomena that occur in
nature.

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 Example:
To identify the factors that contribute
to the spoilage of food, a survey is
conducted to know about food
spoilage.
● You can use descriptive statistics
Descriptive (mean, median, or mode) in the
survey.
Research ● From the result of that survey
conducted, for example, you
observed that the frequency for
temperature as a factor is the
highest. This means that
temperature contributes to food
spoilage the most.
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 Also called causal-comparative
research, its primary objective is to
compare two variables in order to
Comparative identify whether there exists a
causative relationship between them.
Research
This kind of research usually involves
two or more groups and one
independent variable.

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 Example:
You want to know if attendance to the
school’s summer program is the cause
of students’ increased class
participation.
● You identified two groups of
Comparative students who enrolled in the
summer program and those who
Research did not.
● You collected data on their
individual class participation.
● After analyzing the data, you
concluded that the summer
program helped the students in
participating more in class.
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 Its primary objective is to
compare two variables
Correlational
then identify the
Research
relationship between
them.

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 Example:
You want to know if there is a significant
relationship between the length of sleep
and student productivity.
● Data on length of sleep is based on the
bedtime and waking up time of the
students.
Correlational ● Data on student productivity is based
Research on the number of activities being
finished everyday.
● Data analysis shows that the closer the
length of sleep to eight hours, the
higher the number of activities done.
● You concluded that there exists a direct
relationship between the length of
sleep and student productivity.
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Remember

Quantitative research may

be either experimental or
nonexperimental.

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Practice

Using Internet resources, list down five

examples of quantitative research papers and
explain why you consider them to be as such.
Base your answers on the characteristics of
quantitative research.

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Tip

The word effect is indicative that the research

study aims to understand a cause and effect
relationship attributed to comparative,
experimental, or quasi-experimental research.

The word relationship or correlation is a clue that

the research study is either a comparative or a
correlational study.

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 Quick Check

How can quantitative research generalize an

entire population?

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 Quick Check

What are the types of experimental and

nonexperimental quantitative research?

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 Quick Check

Identify the best type of quantitative research for the

following research topic:

Robbie wants to assess the reading skills of street

children and identify the possible programs that
could help improve their skills.

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 Wrap Up
Quantitative research
deals with numerical values and how
they can describe a phenomenon or
infer a relationship.

Characteristics of quantitative research

include controllability,
generalizability, objectivity, and
replicability.
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 Wrap Up

Quantitative research tests hypotheses,

which are based on variables that can
either be independent or dependent.

Quantitative research may be

experimental (true experimental) or
nonexperimental (descriptive,
comparative, correlational, and quasi-
experimental).
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 Create

Make a Research Agenda

Thesis Topic: _____________________
Type of Research: Quantitative Study
Methodology: Research Survey
Purpose: _____________________
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 Example of Research Agenda Format

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 Bibliography

Cohen, Louis, Lawrence Manion, and Keith Morrison. Research Methods in Education 6th Ed. London: Routledge,
2007.

Franses, Philip Hans, and Richard Paap. Quantitative Models in Marketing Research. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2001.

Gillespie, Claire. “How Did Isaac Newton Discover the Laws of Motion?” Sciencing, March 2, 2019.
https://sciencing.com/did-newton-discover-laws-motion-5349637.html.

Querios, Andre, Daniel Faria, and Fernando Almeida. “Strengths and Limitations of Qualitative and Quantitative
Research Methods.” European Journal of Education Studies 3, no. 9 (2017): 369–87. doi:
10.5281/zenodo.887089.

Roni, Mat. Conducting Quantitative Research in Education. Singapore: Springer, 2020.

Trinidad, Jose Eos. Researching Philippine Realities: a Guide to Qualitative, Quantitative, and Humanities Research.
Quezon City: BlueBooks, 2018.

VanderStoep, Scott W., and Deirdre D. Johnston. Research Methods for Everyday Life: Blending Qualitative and
Quantitative Approaches. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2009.

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