Unit 1: Nature of Research

Lesson 3
Qualitative and Quantitative
Research

Practical Research 1
Senior High School Applied - Academic
How do we find
answers to the
questions we
have about
everyday
phenomena?

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 ● Differentiate qualitative from
Learning quantitative research.
Objectives
At the end of the
● Explain the characteristics of
lesson, you should qualitative and quantitative
be able to do the
following: research.

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 If you were to
do research
on a
particular
topic, what
type of data
would you
gather?

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 RESEARCH

• Research is defined as the systematic process of

gathering information to answer a question (O’Leary,
2004). As a systematic process, it follows an ordered
sequence of steps to arrive at an answer.
• This ordered sequence of steps in the research process
is part of the research design. A research design is a
systematic plan that guides the researcher throughout
the research process.
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 TYPES OF RESEARCH

● Qualitative research
● Quantitative research
● Mixed methods research

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Remember

Qualitative research focuses on

words and their meanings, while
quantitative research deals with
measurable data analyzed
through statistical techniques.

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 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

● It focuses on words
along with their
construction, meanings,
and interpretations.
● It asks open-ended
questions to extract
meanings, perceptions,
and interpretations.
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 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Strategies of Inquiry Data Collection

● Phenomenology ● Interviews
● Grounded theory ● Focus group
● Ethnography discussions
● Case study ● Content analysis
● Narrative research

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 1. Perspectives of teachers on the
implementation of anti-bullying
policies
Examples of 2. Cultural practices of an indigenous
Qualitative group and their respective
Research meanings
3. Perceptions on the importance of
freedom of speech
4. Interpretations of political speeches
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Remember

Qualitative research may possibly

use numbers and figures, but its
analysis still focuses on words,
meanings, interpretations, and
perspectives.

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 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
● It is a means for testing
objective theories by
examining the relationship
among variables.
● It makes use of statistics in
the collection, analysis, and
interpretation of numerical
data.
● Quantitative research
uses closed-ended
questions.
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 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Strategies of Inquiry Data Collection

● Survey research ● Surveys

● Experimental ● Experiments
research

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 1. Effects of physical exercise on sleep
quality
Examples of 2. Preferences of college students
Quantitative
towards computer operating systems
Research
3. Impact of social media use on rising
fashion trends

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Tip

Qualitative techniques rely on

words. Quantitative techniques
use numbers.

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 MIXED METHODS RESEARCH

It employs the elements of both

qualitative and quantitative
research in terms of strategies and
methods.

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 MIXED METHODS RESEARCH

Sequential Concurrent Transformative

It elaborates or Qualitative and A theoretical lens

expands the quantitative is used as an
findings of one methods and data overarching
method with are being used perspective within
another method. and collected at a design that
the same time. contains both
quantitative and
qualitative data.

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Sequential Concurrent

Qualitative Quantitative
expounded by

Qualitative Quantitative

Quantitative Qualitative

expounded by

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Remember

Mixed methods research does not

only combine qualitative and
quantitative techniques. It also
considers the complementarity of
the two techniques.

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 Characteristics of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research (Creswell, 2009)

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 Comparing qualitative and quantitative research
Qualitative Research
Advantages ● It provides a richer and deeper
understanding of the phenomenon.
● Participants can provide deeper,
more detailed, and specific answers
to the questions.
Disadvantages ● Number of participants (sample size)
is smaller compared to quantitative
research.
● Narrative findings from a small
number of participants are not
generalizable for the whole
population.
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Quantitative Research
● Findings are generalizable and
reflective of the population due to
the large number of participants.
● Use of statistical methods in the
collection and analysis of data gives
validity and reliability to the findings.
● Depth of the answers of the
participants is limited due to the
large sample size and the use of
closed-ended questions.
● Data expressed as numbers may not
always capture the complexities of
the phenomenon under study.
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Based on your own track and strand,
which type of research are you more
inclined to do?

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Activity 3

Based on the characteristics of qualitative

and quantitative research, think of
two phenomena which may be studied
using each research design.

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 Quick Check

1. This type of research asks open-ended

questions to extract meaning, perceptions,
and interpretations.

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 Quick Check

2. This is the type of mixed methods research

that uses the techniques of both qualitative
and quantitative research at the same time.

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 Quick Check

3. The experiences of adults

Classify the different going into retirement
research topics as
4. Frequency of using mobile
qualitative or banking applications
quantitative
5. The role of art in elementary
research education

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 Wrap Up

The three main types of research are

qualitative, quantitative, and mixed
methods research.

Each type of research has strategies of

inquiry and employs specific methods of
data collection.

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Wrap Up

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 Bibliography

Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 3rd ed.
California: SAGE Publications Inc., 2009.

Leavy, Patricia. Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods, Arts-Based, and
Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches. New York: The Guilford Press, 2017.

Neuman, W. Lawrence. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th ed.
Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2014.

O’Leary, Zina. The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2004.

Vanderstoep, Scott W., and Deirdre D. Johnston. Research Methods for Everyday Life: Blending
Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2009.

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