ENGLISH 10

Distinguish technical terms used in Research

QUARTER 4 WEEK 1

Objectives
1. Explain the purpose of research
2. Determine the types of research questions
3. Identify the main approaches to conducting research
4. Write a short essay on how they are going to use research to find a
solution to certain issue/problem

Let’s Understand (Study the Concept)

RESEARCH

• It is the collection of information about a particular subject

• It also means ‘studious inquiry or examination’
• The main purpose of research is to inform action, to prove a theory,
and contribute to developing knowledge in a field or study.

➢ TYPES OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS

● Conceptual question - Research that answers this kind of question helps its
readers to understand the subject better.

● Practical question - Research that answers this kind of question offers or gives
its readers information on how to address or fix a problem.

➢ MAIN APPROACHES TO CONDUCTING RESEARCH

Three Research Approaches

Adapted from John W. Creswell (2014)
Quantitative Qualitative Approach Mixed Method
Approach Approach
Main Used to test Used to understand Incorporates features
Features hypotheses, analyze and interpret social of quantitative and
causes and effects, interactions qualitative
and make predictions approaches in order
to provide a more
complete
understanding of a
research problem
Philosophical ● Post-positivist ● Constructivist ● Pragmatic
Assumptions ● Transformative

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 ● Experiments (e.g., ● Phenomenology ●Convergent parallel
true experiments, ● Grounded theory mixed method
quasi experiments) ● Ethnography ● Explanatory
Research ● Non-experiments ● Case study sequential mixed
Design (e.g., survey) ● Narrative method
● Exploratory
sequential mixed
method
● Transformative
mixed method

●Asks close-ended ● Asks open-ended ●Asks both open- and

questions questions close-ended
● Uses ● Uses emerging questions
Methods predetermined approaches ● Uses both emerging
approaches ● Uses text or image and predetermined
● Interprets numeric data approaches
data ● Incorporates both
quantitative and
qualitative data and
analysis

The researcher: The researcher: The researcher:

● tests or verifies ● collects participant ● collects both

theories/explanations meanings quantitative and
● identifies variables ● focuses on a single qualitative data
to concept or ● develops a rationale
study phenomenon for mixing the
● uses validated and ● brings personal methods
reliable standardized values in the study ● integrates the data
Procedures tools ● studies the at different stages of
● observes and setting/context of inquiry
measures participants ● presents visual
information ● validates the pictures of the
numerically accuracy of findings procedures in the
● uses unbiased ● makes several study
approaches interpretations of ● employs the
● employs statistical the data practices in both
procedures ● creates an agenda qualitative and
for change/reform quantitative
● collaborates with the research
Participants

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 Let’s Apply

ACTIVITY 2
PRELIMINARY WRITING

• Think of one social issue that you want to learn more about.
• Create three research questions about your topic and explain what type of
research approach is the most applicable if you will conduct a study about your
chosen social issue. (15 points)

TOPIC:

RESEARCH QUESTIONS:

1.
2.
3.

RESEARCH APPROACH:

Let’s Analyze
ACTIVITY 3
Read the sample research below and answer the following questions
briefly. (5 points each)

“Effects of the Integrated Listening Model on the Listening Comprehension of

Junior High School Students”
Many scholars believe that among the four macro skills in language, listening is
the most used skill In everyone’s daily life (Flowerdew and Miller, 2010). According to
Burley-Allen (1995 as cited in Flowerdew And Miller, 2010), 40 percent of our daily
communication is listening, while 35 percent is speaking, 16 percent Is reading, and only 9
percent is employed in writing. However, as it is observed in most second-language
classrooms, listening is only taught for a minimum amount of time and is usually used
“for non-listening purposes Such as introducing grammar or vocabulary, for discussion,
for testing comprehension, and for familiarity with different accents (Thorn, 2009 as cited
in Schmidt, 2016).

In this study, the researcher will use the Integrative Listening Model by Thompson,
K. et al. (2010) as the main framework. It is modified by the researcher by incorporating a
writing on the students’ listening journal in each phase of the model. In this modified ILM,

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the researcher will look into the effects of it on the listening comprehension of the
learners.

This study aims to answer the following questions:

1. Is there a significant relationship between the Integrated Listening Model and

listening comprehension of students?
2. How did the Integrated Listening Model change the perspective of the students
regarding listening as a skill?

The participants of the study will take a pretest for their listening skills. Then, they will
undergo the designed intervention program for one quarter. After the scheduled duration
of the intervention, participants will take a listening posttest. Statistical results will be
analyzed and interpreted using Pearson’s R Correlation. Other data to answer the second
research question will come from one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions.

QUESTIONS:

1. What is the topic of the study? Cite details to justify your answer.
2. How does the researcher plan to gather data in the study?
3. What types of research questions are used in the study? Explain your answer.
4. What research approach is employed in the study? Explain your answer.
5. How would you describe the language and tone of the researcher in the study?

Let’s Try (Evaluation)

Conceptual Questions vs. Practical Questions

Identify the type of research question. Write C if it is a conceptual question and

P if it is a practical question.

1. What are the factors that lead to the death of a language?

2. How can memes help in expressing one’s self?
3. Which proposal is the best solution in bridging the gender gap?
4. How effective are frogs in preventing dengue?

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 5. How can changing coding schemes help in solving the heavy traffic situation on
EDSA?

Let’s Create

GRASPS

Goal : Your task is to look for one social issue cited/explained in a news
article. Then write a short essay on how you are going to use
research to find a solution for the said issue/problem.

Role: Your role is as a future researcher who is trying to find a solution to a

certain issue/problem (social issue).

Audience: Your target audience will be your classmates.

Situation: The context you find yourself in is as a future researcher who is

trying to identify a problem (social issue) and try to help address it
through research.

Product Performance: A well-organized essay of 100-200 words.

Standards: Your essay needs to be accomplished.

ESSAY WRITING RUBRIC

Beginning Developing Accomplished

CRITERIA (1 point) (2-3 points) (4-5 points)

The essay has no The essay has a The essay has a

clear introduction, clear introduction, clear introduction,
body, and body, and body, and
conclusion. The conclusion. The conclusion. The
content does not content shows content shows a
show adequate deep
Content/ understanding of understanding of understanding of
Substance the different the different the different
research research research
approaches and approaches and approaches and
types of research types of research types of research

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 questions. questions; questions.
however, some
points are
confusing.

There is no logical There is a logical There is a logical

and smooth and smooth and smooth
Organization transition from one transition from one transition from
idea to another. idea to another idea to another.
Transitional although it can still Transitional
devices are either be improved. Some devices are
ineffectively used transitional devices effectively used in
or are not used at are effectively used the essay.
all. in the essay.

Most of the Some sentences All the sentences

Unity sentences and and paragraphs are and paragraphs are
paragraphs are coherent. coherent.
incoherent.

Language There are seven or There are four to There are three or
more errors in six errors in fewer errors in
spelling, spelling, spelling,
mechanics, mechanics, mechanics,
grammar, and grammar, and grammar, and
word choice. The word choice. The word choice. The
essay is difficult to essay is easy to essay is easy to
understand. understand understand.

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